Willem Van de Velde the Younger, A Rising Gale c.1672.

Turner and the Masters will present a selection of magnificent paintings by JMW Turner (1775-1851) alongside related works by the old masters and contemporaries he strove to imitate, rival and surpass. Bringing together over one hundred pictures of supreme historical significance from collections around the world, this will be the first exhibition to look at Turner’s work in the company of his greatest predecessors.

The exhibition will provide an unprecedented opportunity to view Turner’s works alongside a stunning array of masterpieces by more than thirty other artists, including Canaletto, Claude, Titian, Aelbert Cuyp, Poussin, Rembrandt, Rubens, Jacob van Ruisdael, Willem van de Velde, Veronese, Watteau, Constable, and R.P. Bonington. In so doing it will allow us to appreciate that Turner’s responses to other artists were both acts of homage and a sophisticated form of art criticism, designed to demonstrate his understanding of the most celebrated masters, and his ability to make their art his own. The show will tell this story in exciting, even unpredictable, ways, and confirm Turner’s reputation as a towering figure in the European landscape tradition.

The exhibition will include comparative works such as Rembrandt’s Landscape with the Rest on the flight into Egypt 1647 (National Gallery of Ireland) paired with Turner’s Moonlight, a study at Millbank Exh. 1797 (Tate); Claude’s Moses saved from the Waters (Museo del Prado) with Turner’s Crossing the Brook exh.1815 (Tate); Ruisdael’s A Rough Sea at a Jetty 1650s (Kimbell Art Museum) alongside Turner’s Port Ruysdael exh.1827 (Yale Center for British Art); Poussin's Winter - The Deluge 1660-4(Musee de Louvre) paired with Turner’s The Deluge exh. 1805(?) and RA 1813 (Tate); and Willem van de Velde the Younger’s A Rising Gale c.1672 (Toledo Museum of Art) displayed for the first time in over 170 years alongside Turner’s companion piece Dutch Boats in a Gale exh. RA 1801 (Private Collection).

For the first time since they were shown together at the Royal Academy exhibition in 1832 Turner’s Helvoetsluys (Tokyo Fuji Art Museum, Japan) will be united with Constable’s Opening of Waterloo Bridge (Tate). When the works were originally shown Turner famously added a red buoy to his seascape during the ‘varnishing’ period before the exhibition opened, apparently in order to compete with the bright reds of Constable’s adjacent work. Constable reportedly told a friend “Turner has been here and fired a gun”.

It was Turner’s strategy, almost uniquely within the history of European art, to enter into direct competition with artists both past and present, whom he considered as worthy rivals to his own fame. Turner built his reputation as an oil painter by challenging the works of old masters, deliberately producing paintings that could hang in their company. Often admired as an independent genius, he was in fact deeply engaged with the works of other artists. He studied the works of old masters, particularly those of the seventeenth-century landscape painter Claude Lorrain.

Joseph Mallord William Turner is regarded as being among the greatest artists in history, whose work was prolific and varied including drawings, prints, watercolors and oils. Born in London, Turner was the son of a barber of humble means. He entered the Royal Academy Schools in 1789 at the age of 14 before becoming a member of the RA in 1802 and Professor of Perspective in 1807.

Turner and the Masters has been conceived by David Solkin, Professor of the Social History of Art at the Courtauld Institute, University of London. The exhibition is co-curated by Ian Warrell, curator of 18th- and 19th- century British Art at Tate, and Philippa Simpson, a Tate-funded doctorial student at the Courtauld Institute, with Martin Myrone, curator of 18th- and 19th- century British Art at Tate.