试论程亚杰风景油画中高级灰的运用

——林夕

　　程亚杰的风景油画是他多种风格作品中很重要的一部分，被国际美术界和收藏家极力推崇。风景油画的创作始于1960年代末，经历了早期作品时期，前苏联时期，欧洲学习时期，和1995年后的20多年的作品丰收期，至今没有停下脚步和画笔，相信在未来的岁月里还会创作出数量繁多的作品，在这漫长的创作过程中和繁茂的风景油画作品中，有一个共性，程亚杰一直运用高级灰，使他的作品别具一格，魅力无穷，既有极高的观赏和审美价值，又在美术史上有无法比拟和不可替代的地位。

　　色彩的运用关键在于搭配，没有一个色是独立存在的。高级灰特指色彩经过调合，纯度通常偏低，但色彩浓郁的一组色，而不只是单独一个色，高级灰使画面表现出柔和，平静，稳重，和谐，统一的特点，高级灰来源于存在于现实生活中的色彩，一般有40色25个高级灰，在画布上表现出来绝非易事，程亚杰对高级灰的运用是纯熟无比的，作品是精美绝伦的，在这方面能媲美莫奈，塞尚和灰调大师乔治·莫兰迪。

　　程亚杰在他的抽象风格作品，幻想写实作品，乃至彩笔速写作品，包括油画，水粉画，都有运用了高级灰，这里仅仅欣赏其中风景油画，就足以让人驻足不动，流连忘返了，让人们对色彩有了全新的感受和认知了。

早期作品《春雪》《故乡》《早春二月》

1980年代的《家园》、《太行山下的小石屋》、《太行山下小山村》

　　前苏联和1990时期的《秋色莫斯科》《山谷小溪》《罗马小溪》《茵特拉根》《夏日》《茵特拉根落日》《卢塞恩港湾》《瑞士冬雪》《午后摩纳哥》《印象西班牙》《丹麦小村》《摩纳哥小巷》《午后摩纳哥》《印象西班牙》《周庄的阳光》，《周庄》《昨日小三峡》《小小三峡的秋天》等作品中都有高级灰的运用。在作品了不乏臧氏红 、锡蓝 、红葵 、布林 、枫丹白露 、挪威盛林 、青梅酿 、加勒比、浣纱 、维多利亚……

　　进入21世纪程亚杰创作的《雨中曲》《捕捉》《冬季恋歌》《冬雨》《马赛晨曲》《马赛小村》《马赛印象》《静谧的山庄（法国埃兹）》《人约黄昏后》《通往皇宫的小路》《威尼斯魅影》《这里的黎明静悄悄》《黄昏之恋》《初春》。等作品，都能看到高级灰给画面带来独有魅力。

　　近期作品的《白桦林》《丽丽娅庄园》《卡普拉罗拉印象》《秋吟》《额尔古纳印象》《佩鲁贾冬雨》《独树一帜》《西青郊野公园》《卡密那诺的秋天》《醉人的季节》更是把高级灰运用到一个新的境界与高度，通过纯度对比，前后虚实对比，空间推移，使画面和谐有韵味，更是将高级灰的一个重要的要求：色彩搭配漂亮，表现出某一种倾向的氛围充分表现出来了。

　　看程亚杰的这些风景油画时，人会不由得全身心地安静下来，直透人的心灵。绘画几乎不用鲜亮的颜色，只是用中间色调的高级灰来表现物象，不张不扬，静静地释放着最朴实的震撼力和直达内心的快乐与优雅。

On the Application of Advanced Gray to Cheng Yajie's Landscape Oil Paintings

——Lin Xi

　　Cheng Yajie's landscape oil paintings, as an essential part of his works with various styles, are highly praised by the international art world and collectors. They were first produced in the end of the 1960s, and later experienced the periods of the artist's early creation, former Soviet Union and studying in the Europe as well as the harvest period of more than twenty years after 1995. Cheng Yajie has been still working on the landscape oil paintings and it's believed that he will continue to produce more works in the following years. During the long period of creation, his landscape oil paintings have a common point that the advanced gray, also known as senior ash, has always been used. The advanced gray makes his paintings unique and charming with highly viewing and esthetic value, and occupies an incomparable and irreplaceable position in the history of fine arts.

　　Color matching is a key point in the application to color since no color can exist independently. The advanced gray refers in particular to a group of strong colors after being mixed together into lower purity. It's not a single color. The advanced gray makes the painting soft, peaceful, steady, harmonious and unified. The advanced gray is generated from colors in real life. There are about twenty-five kinds of advanced gray from forty colors, so it's really difficult to display them on the canvas. Cheng Yajie is very skillful in using advanced gray to create exquisite paintings, which is on a par with Claude Monet, Paul Cézanne and Giorgio Morandi, the master of gray tone.

　　Cheng Yajie applied the advanced gray to his crayon sketches, abstract and fantasy realistic art works including oil paintings and gouaches. Landscape oil paintings here make people indulge in pleasures without stop and help them have new feelings and cognition about colors.