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关于壁画《岭南丰歌》的创作

2019-12-18 15:19:32 李节平 

  这幅壁画是在前期“乡野考察——李节平广东新农村专题创作作品展”采风的基础上逐步形成的构想,并在近半年的酝酿中得到了这样一幅构图。其实构图来得并不困难,在动笔勾画时,自然而然就出来了。因为时间太紧,没能反复推敲,必然有许多不妥、不和谐之处,甚至有的局部处理是在大稿上改来改去完成的。因为我喜欢壁画复杂的制作性,多样的材料运用,独具形式美感的样式,以及丰富的内涵容量,长期以来,我就非常注重研究传统壁画和当代壁画艺术,加之以前做过一些大型浮雕作品,多少有些心得。壁画与其他创作有所不同,在于主题怎样更完美地与形式语言的结合,有时,甚至形式技巧决定了作品的成败。

  我们知道,墨西哥壁画艺术誉满世界,正是墨西哥土地和灿烂的文明,孕育了它独特的壁画艺术和风格样式。在墨西哥气势磅礴史诗般的壁画里,那些炽热的民族特点,浑厚粗犷的造型和鲜艳的色彩,以及表现历史与革命,农民与劳工致力理想社会的奋斗,通过“壁画运动”的发展,创造了墨西哥壁画艺术的辉煌。由此借鉴,壁画艺术的内容、形式以及民族地域特色是壁画创作必要的课题研究与实践。

  对于《岭南丰歌》这样包罗万象的农村题材和岭南特色的创作,主题内容不是问题,最初的构思便是从形式语言着手的,既不想用装饰味很浓的平面化造型,又不能搞很复杂的造型和工艺性太强的制作,种种制约,只能限定于熟手的方法来完成。由于没有创作这样大型板上壁画的经验,凭着激情,想象的、感觉的、臆断的,理所当然地采用了现在这种构图样式和制作方法。如此,我可以不太费劲去解决人物形象的处理,运用油画技巧一两遍就解决了造型问题,而且符合我对造型丰富性、厚重感的要求,避免了许多大幅壁画作品的单调、空泛。我采用油画材料敷彩造型,追求造型的丰满实在,在此基础上,运用矿物质材料对画面实施平面化处理,使之呈现丰富的平面效果。为了使画面更加热烈喜庆,最后运用了贴金和“飞金”,纯金箔的使用较好地增添了画面的质感。这幅作品的技法没有先例,都是在摸索和感觉中完成。

  这是一幅表现岭南民俗风情、劳作丰收的风俗作品,广袤美丽的岭南大地为作品提供了无限的形象素材,通过汲取墨西哥壁画厚重坚实、对比强烈的特点,又赋予了画面诸多意象造型和色彩。画面中间部分表现岭南最具代表性的节庆表演,暖调为主,色彩艳丽。左右两边表现劳动丰收的场面,黄绿色调为主,依靠人物的疏密组合倾向中心,形成和合的感觉。这里,表述一下画面内容,中间部分为广东传统民俗:传统飘色、南粤舞狮、鸡公榄、鱼灯、潮汕英歌舞、粤北瑶族歌舞和长鼓舞,背景为龙舟竞赛、龙船漂游。两边人物有:农民、渔民、花农、果农、瑶民。家禽有:狮头鹅、青头鸭、水鸭、东山羊、紫金蓝塘猪、清远鸡、香草鸡、中山石岐鸡、三黄鸡。瓜果有:徐闻菠萝、梅州蜜柚、增城荔枝、潮汕林檎、茂名龙眼、乳源鹰嘴桃、三华李、番禺火龙果、杧果、黄皮、香蕉、芭蕉、枇杷、杨桃、番石榴、菠萝蜜、木瓜、莲藕、花生等。建筑背景有:广府建筑、潮汕民居、开平雕楼、客家围龙屋和现代民居。广东地处亚热带丘陵地区,绿色植物葱郁,花卉植物计有:凤凰单枞茶、丝瓜、柑橘、发财树、蒲葵、龟背竹、三角梅、兰草、水仙、一品红、朱顶红、鸡蛋花、蝴蝶兰、菊花、水塔花等。广东水系发达,江河纵横,南临海洋,画面运用了大面积表现亦江亦海,为构图留下了宝贵的空白。绿色植物在间隔人物的同时,统领着画面绿色的基调,也与红色的地面和无数黄红色块形成对比,既热闹又不失岭南特点。

About Pleasant Harvest

  The concept of this mural painting was gradually formed on the basis of my investigation for the rural project, and it has been brewing for nearly half a year to consider the composition. In fact, it was not difficult to carry out my idea, and when the stroke was drawn, it naturally came out. Because of the limitation of time, without repeated deliberation, there must be many inconsistencies, and even some details were revised many times directly on the manuscript. I'm fond of the complexity of mural painting which can use a variety of materials to present a unique form of aesthetic style and also contains a rich content. For a long time, I have paid great attention to the study of traditional murals and contemporary mural art. In addition, I have done some large embossments before and I have some experience more or less. Unlike other forms of creation, mural focuses on how to better integrate the theme and form, and sometimes even formal skills determine the success or failure of the work.

  As we know, the land of Mexico and its splendid civilization have given birth to its unique mural art and style, making the Mexican mural art world-famous. In the majestic and epic Mexican murals, the passionate national characteristics, the thick and rough shapes and vivid colors are distinctive, presenting the history and revolution in which the peasants and labors struggling for the ideal society. Through the development of the "mural movement", the artists created the brilliance of Mexican mural art. From this reference, the content, form and ethnic regional characteristics of mural art are necessary for researching and practicing the mural art.

  The theme of Pleasant Harvest is all-encompassing and the creation should represent the characteristics of Guangdong people. When I thought of the formal language, neither the flat shaped with strong decoration nor complicated molding with craftsmanship was considered. I prefer to express the idea of harvest in a familiar way. Because of the lack of experience in creating such large-scale mural, with passion, imagination, institution and arbitrariness, I naturally adopted the current composition and production. In this way, I can handle the character image more easily, and the oil painting technique I used in this mural also solved the molding problem. Moreover, it not only met my requirements for the richness and thickness of the shape but also avoided the monotonous and empty of many large mural paintings. For pursuing the fullness of the shape, I applied the oil painting materials to color it. Besides, based on those colors, the mineral material was also applied to planarize the painting which enriched the effect of surface. In order to make the mural more warm and festive, the pure gold foil was used which better enhanced the texture of the mural. There was no precedent for this technique and I completed it only by feeling and self-exploration.

  This work shows the folk customs and the scene of the harvest of Guangdong, and the vast and beautiful land in Guangdong provided unlimited image material for this work. I absorbed the characteristics of thick, firm and strong contrast from Mexican mural and rendered this work a lot of imagery and color. The middle part of the mural is mainly warm and bright, which shows the most representative festival and performance in Guangdong. On the left and right sides, there is a scene of a bumper harvest with yellow-green tone, which forms a centralized harmony through the combination of density of characters. Here, I'd like to introduce the content of the mural. The middle part is the traditional folk customs of Guangdong including Piao-se, Lion Dancing in South Guangdong, Chicken Male Lam, Fish Lamp, Chaoshan Yingge Dancing, Song and Long-dum Dancing of Yao Nationality in North Guangdong; the background is Dragon Boat Racing and Dragon Boat Floating. On both sides are farmers, fishermen, flower farmers, fruit farmers and Yao people. The Poultries include: lion head goose, green duck, water duck, Dongshan goat, purple gold blue pond pig, Qingyuan chicken, vanilla chicken, Zhongshan Shiqi chicken and three yellow chicken. The fruits include Xuwen Pineapple, Meizhou Honey Pomelo, Zengcheng Litchi, Chaoshan Ringo, Maoming Longan, Ruyuan Peach, Sanhua Plum, Panyu Dragon Fruit, mango, wampee, banana, plantain, loquat, carambola, guava, jackfruit, papaya, lotus root, peanuts, etc. The background includes traditional Guangdong buildings, Chaoshan residences, Kaiping Diaolou, Hakka round houses and modern residences. Guangdong is located in a subtropical hilly region with lush green plants and flower plants including Phoenix Dancong Oolong tea tree, loofah, citrus, pachira aquatica, livistona chinensis, monstera deliciosa, bougainvillea spectabilis, Chinese hemp agrimony, narcissus, poinsettia, hippeastrum, frangipani, phalaenopsis, chrysanthemum, billbergia pyramidalis, etc. With many the rivers crossed and south facing the sea, Guangdong is a place with developed water system. So I used a large area of white space to express the rivers, lakes and seas. Green plants among the people not only the tone of the picture but also in contrast with the red ground and countless yellow and red blocks, which are lively and full of the characteristics of Guangdong.

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(责任编辑:杨红柳[已离职])

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