吉州窑，是汉族传统制瓷工艺中的珍品，作为江南地区（江西吉安）一座举世闻名的综合性瓷窑，它具有浓厚的地方风格与汉民族艺术特色。吉州窑的丰富烧瓷，经验和名工巧匠对江西地区瓷业的发展提高，曾起过相当重要的促进作用。吉州古窑兴于晚唐，盛于两宋，衰于元末，因地命名，因当时永和又为东昌县治，故又名东昌窑、永和窑。吉州窑产品精美丰富，尤以黑釉瓷（亦称天目釉瓷）产品著称，其独创的“木叶天目”、“剪纸贴花天目”和“玳瑁天目”饮誉中外。洒釉、虎皮天目等也是吉州窑的标志性品种。

Jizhou kiln is a treasure of the traditional Chinese ceramic crafts. As a world-famous comprehensive ceramic kiln in Jiangnan (Ji'an, Jiangxi), it has strong local style and artistic characteristics of the Han nationality. The rich firing experience and skilled craftsmen of Jizhou kiln have played an important role in promoting the development of the porcelain industry in Jiangxi area. Jizhou ancient kiln rose in the late Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty and declined in the late Yuan Dynasty. It was named after the place. Because Yonghe was also governed by Dongchang County at that time, it was also named Dongchang kiln and Yonghe kiln. Jizhou kiln products are exquisite and rich, especially the black glazed porcelain (also known as Tianmu glazed porcelain) products. Its original "Wooden Leaf Tianmu", "Paper-cut and decals Tianmu" and "Tortoise Tianmu" are well known at home and abroad. Glaze and tiger skin are also the iconic varieties of Jizhou kiln.

一，吉州窑古陶瓷的胎质特征

吉州窑古陶瓷存世最多，最具代表性的是永和窑的米黄色含砂胎。古物陶瓷研究者谓其“粗松，似陶”，更有学者认为其未达到高温瓷化效果，这些观点虽然偏颇，却正好指出了吉州窑胎质的本质特征。

First, the characteristics of the ancient ceramics of Jizhou kiln.            

Jizhou kiln has the largest number of ancient ceramics, and the most representative one is yonghuang kiln's Beige sand bearing tire. Researchers of ancient relics and ceramics call it "loose and pottery-like", and some scholars think that it has not reached the effect of high-temperature ceramics. Although these views are biased, they just point out the essential characteristics of Jizhou kiln matrix.

二，吉州窑古陶瓷的釉色特征

除胎质不同外，新老瓷器的釉色区别，第一眼的直观感觉十分重要。老器釉料是使用天然材料，釉色物自然古朴，加上年岁久远，多有使用磨损痕，即使釉色极好的出土老器，其泛光亦显柔和。仿品的釉料多为化学成分勾兑，烧成后釉面光亮匀称，尽管采用酸碱除光亮法或埋入土中锈蚀法，但缺乏岁月侵蚀和使用磨损，其光亮度当然突兀、扎眼。

Two, glaze color characteristics of ancient ceramics in Jizhou kiln          

In addition to the different fetal quality, the difference between glaze and color of new and old porcelain is very important. Old glaze is made of natural materials. The glaze color is natural and simple. With age, there are many wear marks. Even the unearthed old ware with excellent glaze color, its flooding light is soft. Imitated glazes are mostly blended with chemical ingredients. After firing, the glaze surface is bright and symmetrical. Although acid-alkali method is used to remove brightness or bury rust in soil, it lacks years of erosion and wear. Its brightness is of course abrupt and eye-catching.

三，吉州窑古陶瓷的工艺特色

吉州窑为综合性窑场，民窑生产随意性大，现就基本的最具本质特色的器型发展趋势、制作工艺和画风画法作简单分析比较。

Three, the technological characteristics of ancient ceramics in Jizhou kiln.            

Jizhou kiln is a comprehensive kiln, and the production of folk kiln is arbitrary. This paper makes a simple analysis and comparison on the basic and most essential characteristics of the development trend, production technology and painting style.

四、吉州窑工艺特征

吉州窑工艺特征以基本器型碗、盘、壶的底足为例。唐末五代：以玉璧足饼底、矮圈足为主；北宋前期：高圈足、大圈足；北宋中后期：矮圈足；南宋早期：假圈足；南宋中期：圈足直径逐渐缩小，并在圈足外斜削一刀，再在近足处横旋一刀，形成外观似圈足的形状；元中期以后：除黑釉盏继续保持上述形状外，其余底足又向厚壁、大圈足发展；明代：再向薄壁圈足发展。这一发展趋势是一个循环往复、沿袭改革的变异发展过程，为吉州窑瓷品的断代依据之一。

Four. Technical characteristics of Jizhou kiln            

The characteristics of Jizhou kiln are based on the bottom of the basic bowl, pan and pot. At the end of Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties, Yubi foot cake bottom and low circle foot were dominant; in the early Northern Song Dynasty, high circle foot and big circle foot were dominant; in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, low circle foot was dominant; in the early Southern Song Dynasty, false Circle foot was dominant; in the middle Southern Song Dynasty, the circle foot diameter was gradually reduced and a knife was obliquely cut outside the circle foot, then a knife was rotated horizo Later: in addition to the black glazed Calendula to continue to maintain the above shape, the rest of the soles developed to thick wall, large circle foot; Ming Dynasty: then to thin-walled circle foot development. This trend of development is a process of variation and development, which is a cycle of reciprocation and follow the reform. It is one of the basis for the dating of Jizhou kiln porcelain.

这件吉州窑的酱釉茶盏，胎底浑厚，明显的宋代工艺，圈足直径逐渐缩小，并在圈足外斜削一刀，再在近足处横旋一刀，形成外观似圈足的形状，放大镜看有明显的气泡，碗中央的枫叶栩栩如生，这是吉州窑的代表图形，盛满水之后，枫叶状若漂浮在碗中央，极具年代风格。

This Jizhou kiln's sauce-glazed tea cup has thick fetal bottom and obvious Song Dynasty technology. The diameter of the ring foot is gradually reduced, and a knife is slanted outside the ring foot, then a knife is rotated horizontally at the near foot to form a shape similar to the ring foot. The magnifying glass shows obvious bubbles, and the maple leaf in the center of the bowl is vivid. This is the representative figure of Jizhou kiln. After water, maple leaves float in the center of the bowl.

该件藏品口径7.4cm；底径3.5cm；高3.1cm。品相保存好，包浆自然浑厚，为本次深圳御鼎国际洛克菲勒拍卖会推荐藏品。

The collection is 7.4CM in diameter, 3.5cm in diameter and 3.1cm in height. The product is well preserved and the pulp is naturally thick. It is recommended for the Rockefeller International Auction in Yuding, Shenzhen.