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玉璧是一种中央有穿孔的玉器,为我国传统的玉礼器之一,也是“六瑞”之一。《尔雅·释器》载曰:“肉(周围的边)倍好(中间的孔)谓之璧,好倍肉谓之瑗,肉好若一谓之环。”故而根据中央孔径的大小把这种片状圆形玉器分为玉璧、玉瑗、玉环三种。
Yubi is a kind of central perforated jadeware. It is one of the traditional jadeware in China and also one of the "Six Rui". "Erya Shiji" says, "Meat (around the edge) is twice as good as pore (in the middle) is called Bi, meat is twice as good as Ying, and meat is as good as a ring." Therefore, according to the size of the central aperture, this piece of round jade is divided into three types: Jade Bi, jade and Yuhuan.
玉璧也是中国玉器制作中出现最早并一直延续不断的形制,历史以来皆视其为重要的瑞玉。其自东西周以来,到战国至两汉成为玉璧的鼎盛时期,其花纹形式多变,饰纹种类极为丰富,使用范围大增,总体数量也属历代之冠。
Jade Bi is also the earliest and continuing form in the production of Chinese jades, which has been regarded as an important Ruiyu in history. Since the Eastern and Western Zhou Dynasty, to the Warring States Period and the Han Dynasty, it became the peak of Yubi. Its pattern forms were changeable, the types of decorative patterns were extremely rich, the scope of use increased greatly, and the total number was the top of all dynasties.
玉璧的造型分类共有六种基本制式,其中,第一式为玉璧表面光素无纹,又称素璧,第四式即为“出廓玉璧”。而所谓出廓玉璧,则是指玉璧的外缘轮廓处附设各种镂空纹饰,凸出于圆形外壁。这种出廓玉璧矣汉代为最多和典型。其镂空纹饰的常见的主要有龙凤纹、螭纹以及汉代的“长乐”、“未央”“万寿”、“长宜子孙”、等吉祥文字。有关玉璧的知识,不难检索查阅,在此不多复述,仅做些许阅读铺垫。
There are six basic types of Yubi's shape classification. The first type is Yubi's smooth surface, also known as Subi, and the fourth type is "Outgoing Yubi". The so-called outline of Yubi refers to all kinds of hollow decorations attached to the outline of the outer edge of Yubi, protruding from the circular outer wall. This kind of jade is the most typical form of Han Dynasty. The common hollowed-out decorations include dragon and Phoenix patterns, Chi patterns, and the auspicious characters of the Han Dynasty, such as "Changle", "Weiyang", "Longevity", "Changyi descendants" and so on. The knowledge of jade Bi is not difficult to search and consult. Here is not much to repeat, only to do some reading foreshadowing.
就战汉玉璧尤其是汉代的玉璧来说,其形制多种多样,通常小的几厘米,大到几十厘米。其中壁径(不含出廓壁的凸出部分,仅是圆形的直径)在20厘米上下的已属大型玉璧,而超过20厘米甚至到30厘米的可属特大型,就数量而言,20厘米左右的大型玉璧已属稀罕珍品,而特大型的则凤毛麟角,更为珍罕。
As far as the Yubi of the Warring Han Dynasty is concerned, especially the Yubi of the Han Dynasty, it has various shapes, usually several centimeters small and tens of centimeters large. Among them, the wall diameter (excluding the protruding part of the outline wall, but only the circular diameter) is about 20 centimeters, and over 20 centimeters or even 30 centimeters can be very large. In terms of quantity, about 20 centimeters of large-scale jade has been a rare rarity, while the very large-scale is rare, more rare.
新加坡星洲国际拍卖有幸征集到一件:汉代 出廓玉璧高38cm,宽21cm,品相完好,无一破损地方!本巨壁之玉质为汉代玉器青玉,其玉质至今来看水头很足,玉质十分的润色晶莹,剔透之感亦是鲜明,可谓玉质甚佳。在出廓龙纹的一边和壁身可见局部鲜明的土黄色土沁,尤其是部分土沁结成老痂,异常坚硬,镜下鉴别,累累瘢痕,自然生成。其身受沁自然,沁色分布十分的自然,懂古玉者,皆明白假沁必难为之。无需赘述渲染,一句话,本巨壁之本色和沁色,诸般特征,昭然自然天成之相,皆可证其为一块历史悠久之地道汉玉,开门见山大矣。
Singaporean Star Island International Auction was lucky to collect a piece: the Han Dynasty Yubi was 38 cm high and 21 cm wide, with good quality and no damage! The jade quality of this huge wall is Qingyu of the Han Dynasty. So far, its jade quality is very abundant. The jade quality is very moist and glittering. The sense of penetration is also distinct. It can be said that the jade quality is very good. On one side and the wall of the outline dragon pattern, we can see the local distinct yellowish soil Qin, especially some soil Qin formed old scab, which is unusually hard, differentiated under the microscope, accumulated scars, and naturally formed. The nature of the body is very natural and its distribution is very natural. Needless to elaborate on rendering, in a word, the nature and refreshment of this huge wall, its various characteristics, and its natural appearance can prove that it is a genuine Han jade with a long history, which opens the door to the mountains.
进一步,我们可以较为细看,实事求是而毫不隐晦地说,本品形虽大面光滑,然除谷纹雕琢规矩,鼓凸有度外,其出廓凤纹和文字的雕琢精细程度较之一些雕琢精美的汉代佩玉来说,是有一定差距的。故而,结合其巨大形制,愚见以为,可以确断其用途是一块典型的专用葬玉,这与海昏侯墓出土之巨壁性质应是相同的,当初拥有亦是非王侯身份地位者莫属。
Further, we can take a closer look, seek truth from facts and say without obscurity that although the shape of this product is large and smooth, there is a certain gap between the exquisite carving of phoenix patterns and characters and the exquisite carving of Peiyu in Han Dynasty, except for the rules of grain carving and the convexity of drum. Therefore, combined with its huge shape, it is foolish to think that its use is a typical special burial jade, which should be the same as the nature of the huge wall unearthed from the Haidunhou Tomb. Those who had or did not have the status of a prince at the beginning should be the same.
目前藏品持有人欲将此珍品结缘于有缘之士,参加2018年十二月新加坡星洲国际拍卖会,有兴趣可搜索登陆深圳乾龙国际文化传播有限公司官网,预约贵宾名额,一览珍品风采!
At present, the holders of the collection would like to associate this treasure with a person of good fortune to participate in the Singapore Xingzhou International Auction in December 2018. They are interested in searching the official website of Shenzhen Qianlong International Cultural Communication Co., Ltd. to make an appointment for VIP places and to have a look at the treasures.
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