微信分享图
打开APP

荒诞与悖论:穿越时空的镜像化都市景观

  当代人的生活以都市为中心,当代的许多问题也集结于都市。从切入和关注当代问题的角度上看,都市题材兴起于20世纪80年代中期,繁荣于20世纪90年代。就这一类题材而言,大致有两种类型具有代表性,一种是反映现实都市中人们的存在方式及其精神状态,即以都市为背景,呈现当代人的生存处境、生命要求和人格倾向;另一种是直接反映都市本身,通过从城市化到都市化的变迁与发展,来反思、审视中国的社会现代化进程。新世纪以来,反映都市题材的作品层出不穷,并成为了当代艺术中重要的组成部分。

  刘家华的作品大多与“都市”有关。从表现思路上看,其作品更偏向于第二种类型。2006年,刘家华开始创作《重返桃花源记》系列。在这一系列作品中,我们可以看到一些源于当代都市生活的图像符号:中国式城楼、高架桥、公共汽车、商业广告牌、脚手架等。然而,这些大众熟悉的图像却构成了一种镜像化的超时空景观,带给人一种陌生化的都市体验。之所以说它们是“镜像化”的,因为艺术家对每一种图像的选择都是“别有用心”的,都试图让图像承载某种社会学的意义;之所以说着是一种陌生化的都市体验,是因为这些图像穿越了时空的界限、抹平了时间的印记,共同充斥在同一个空间中,形成了一个多义的、矛盾的画面图像系统。同时,由于艺术家采用了中国画中“小品”的视觉呈现方式,图式的东方化特征使作品在镜像化的景观表达中增强了自身的文化针对性。

  对于观众而言,这是一种独特的都市体验。因为这些场景既是真实的,又是具有荒诞感的;既来源于现实,但其间又具有超现实的成分。这似乎是一种悖论。具体而言,如果说画面中的脚手架、公共汽车、广告牌等图像是对当代都市景观的直接呈现的话,那么矗立于都市上方的“仙鹤”,象征着机械工业时代的排气管道,以及被蒸汽“抛出”的中国式城楼在画面中的出现,则是不符合逻辑的、荒诞的和反讽式的。显然,艺术家从一开始就希望通过画面那种多义的,甚至是完全矛盾的场景来强化作品在文化观念上的表达。正基于此,一方面,艺术家对真实的都市场景进行了细致的描绘,注重局部情节的叙事特征,比如,那些工地上忙碌拆与建的民工,道路两旁的街景等等,都是来源于现实生活的视觉经验;但另一方面,艺术家又强化了图像在视觉表达上的不真实感,例如,画面中那些排气管就是经过主观处理了的,它们完全不符合视觉再现的比例,它们的出现无疑也是对画面空间的侵占,它们既是强势的,也是“排它”的。正是依托于图像在视觉空间上的“错位”,以及图像叙事的多义性、片段性、非逻辑性,当代都市建设那种繁荣与混乱,都市化所带来的那种生存的别扭与存在的荒诞感,在作品中自然地流露出来。

  和此前的《重返桃花源》系列比较起来,近期的《中国楼》出现了一些新的变化。作品的场景描述越来越少,相反符号性的表达愈来愈明确。同时,画面在图式的表达上日趋简洁,削弱了叙事性的陈述,并不追求作品内容的多义性与悖论性。但在作品的观念表达上,这两类作品都是一脉相承的,仍然强化了作品背后的荒诞意识。不难发现,在《中国楼No13号》、《中国楼No14号》等作品中,那些浓烟中升腾的亭台楼阁既是艺术家对现代化建设冲击的反思,也是对那些膜拜都市现代化而无限膨胀起来的欲望之风的嘲讽。在这里,“楼阁”具有双重的意义维度,既可以代表消逝的古代建筑,也可以衍化成一种表征传统文化遗产的符号。但它们的意义生效均取决于艺术家对中国现代化进程的反思与批判,尤其是对当下不断扩张的都市化建设而言,更是如此。如果说艺术家在创作《中国楼》系列时,还借用了象征和反讽的手法的话,那么《红城记》系列在观念的表达上更为直接和明确——坍塌的红楼、破败的景观、混乱的建筑工地,所建构的超现实的画面视像,清晰有力地表明了艺术家对当下中国都市现代化建设所持有的批判态度。

  2008年8月26日于中央美院

  Absurdity and Paradox:

  City Passing through Different Time and Space like a Mirror Image

  He Guiyan

  August 26th, 2008

  Our contemporaries’ life rotates around cities and so do their problems. Subject matter concerning urban life which began in the middle of 1980s and flourished in the 1990s has generally two categories: one reflecting the urban way of life and people’s psychosis, the other meditating the modernization proceeding of Chinese society from urbanization to metropolitanization. Works on urban matters have multiplied sine the new millennium and constitute an important part of Contemporary art.

  Most of Liu’s works, more like those of the latter category, are speculations on “city”. In 2006 the artist began to work on his Back to Utopia series, which have showcased images from urban life, say, China’s traditional city walls, trestles, buses, billboards, scaffolds, etc. These familiar images together, however, provide an alienated experience through different time and space, for every image takes a certain sociological significance and breaks the limits of time and space, coexisting in one picture as a multivocal but contradictory image system. Meanwhile, the artist has adopted the traditional Chinese visualization----“Xiaopin”, which has strengthened his oriental identity.

  It provides the viewers a very special urban experience, for the scenes from but beyond the reality are both real and absurd. To be exact, the trestles, buses, billboards and scaffolds are direct reflections of urban life, but the exhaust pipes of the industrial era is symbolized by a red-crowned crane dwarfing the city and the traditional Chinese city wall popped out by steam seems even more ridiculous and illogical. Obviously the artist intends by the sharp contrast to express his critical ideas. On one hand, he depicts the real urban life in great detail, say, the migrant works busy dismantling and constructing, and view of the streets; on the other hand, the presentation of images are not real, for example, the exhaust pipe does not accord with its real proportion, but forcibly and excludingly occupies the picture. It is right the mismatch, multivocal narration, segment and illogic of images that has created the absurdity and dissatisfaction of urban life.

  Compared with the Back to Utopia series, the artist’s recent Chinese Tower series have presented new patterns with fewer scenic descriptions but more symbols. The pictures tend to be brief and concise, less narrative, multivocal or contradictory than the former, however, the ideology of absurdity has not yet changed. It’s easy to see in Chinese Tower No13 and No14 that the towers in the rising thick smog is the artist’s reflection on modern constructions and mock of the expanding desires of urban people. The tower bears with it two meanings: the vanishing traditional architectures and the symbol of traditional Chinese culture. Rather than the symbols used in the Chinese Tower series, the Red City series express ideas in a more direct and precise way: the collapse of the red city, ruined views, and the disordered construction yard, constituting a surreal picture, clearly declaring the artist’s criticism of the present situation in China.

  China Central Academy of Fine Art

作者:何桂彦

是否打开艺术头条阅读全文?

取消打开
打开APP 查看更多精彩
该内容收录进ArtBase内容版

    大家都在看

    打开艺术头条 查看更多热度榜

    更多推荐

    评论

    我要说两句

    相关商品

    分享到微信,

    请点击右上角。

    再选择[发送朋友]

    [分享到朋友圈]

    已安装 艺术头条客户端

       点击右上角

    选择在浏览器中打开

    最快最全的艺术热点资讯

    实时海量的艺术信息

      让你全方位了解艺术市场动态

    未安装 艺术头条客户端

    去下载

    Artbase入口

    /