西方灰调大师、意大利本土著名艺术家乔治·莫兰迪出生于1890年，而当代享誉国际的油画大师程亚杰要小许多，出生于1958年，他们两人风景油画中都运用高级灰，放在一起欣赏，既惊叹两位艺术家作品同样地柔和，平静，稳重，和谐，又感受到两位艺术家的独特的绘画风格，独有的艺术语言。

　　莫兰迪最初沉迷于印象主义，对塞尚的静物和风景画颇感兴趣，也模仿过立体主义。后来找到了属于自己的艺术道路，开始探索属于自己的艺术语言。

　　程亚杰作品风格多样，有幻想写实主义，学院派，古典浪漫主义，印象派和抽象主义作品，被称作东方毕加索，一直没有停止对艺术语言，表达方式的探索。

　　莫兰迪几乎从来没有离开过他的家乡博洛尼亚（Bologna），仅仅在意大利做过一些旅行。唯一的一次出国是去苏黎世参观塞尚的画展。莫兰迪一生的创作题材都是在画着几只瓶子和波罗纳郊外的风景。他花了一辈子的时间研究这些瓶子和周围生活的景色。

　　程亚杰生于北京，青少年时期在中国度过，汲取了深厚的中华文明和文化，年轻时候到日本，去前苏联，来欧洲各国，定居新加坡。对各种绘画艺术流派尤其是20世纪各种艺术运动都有借鉴吸收，眼界开阔。

　　但是两个完全不同的艺术家却都对高级灰情有独钟，作品了广泛运用了高级灰。对他们作品中的高级灰做比较欣赏很有意思。

　　莫兰迪的绘画几乎从来不用鲜亮的颜色，只是用些看似灰暗的中间色调来表现物象，一种色相的不同明度或不同纯度变化的对比，在整个画面中，力量相互制约、相互抵消达到视觉的完美平衡。莫兰迪力求探寻在最平凡状态中体现深层意识的艺术追求和精神境界。

　　程亚杰的作品明显地用了更多的颜色，更多无彩色与有彩色对比，玫瑰红、桔黄、柠檬黄、钴蓝、群青、翠绿，而且纯度和明度普遍要高一些，这样的画面要明快许多，表现出程亚杰思想的活跃，对新鲜事物的尝试与接纳，也是一种年轻的生活态度。

　　莫兰迪是最接近中国绘画的欧洲画家，他笔墨俭省，和中国水墨画只使用黑白灰有些相似了，而程亚杰并不拒绝20世纪艺术实验的喧嚣，投身其中，独树一帜，把中国人的含蓄和西方人的直接做了融合，体现在画作里多了许多欢笑和阳光的味道。同样运用高级灰色调，莫兰迪的风格主流是文静、雅致、含蓄、稳重，但略显单调，模糊、无力。程亚杰的风格感觉既大方又活泼，不失统一、雅致、和谐的氛围。

A Comparative Appreciation of the Advanced Gray to both Cheng Yajie's and Morandi's Landscape Oil Paintings

Lin Xi

　　Giorgio Morandi, born in 1890, is a famous Italian local artist and the master of gray tone. Cheng Yajie, a master of oil paintings with international reputations, was born in 1958, much younger than Morandi. Both of them applied the advanced gray to their landscape oil paintings. If we put their paintings together and try to appreciate comparatively, we will be amazed that their paintings are similarly soft, peaceful, steady and harmonious, and we can also feel their unique painting styles and artistic languages.

　　Morandi initially indulged in impressionism and showed great interests in Cézanne's paintings of still life and landscape. He also imitated the style of cubism, but later he found his own artistic direction and started to pursue his own artistic language.

　　Cheng Yajie's works are in various styles, such as the styles of fantasy realism, academism, classical romanticism, impressionism and abstract art. He is regarded as the Picasso in the Eastern world. He never stops his exploration of artistic languages and ways of expression.

　　Morandi nearly never left his hometown Bologna except his travels to Italy. The only experience of going abroad was when he went to Zurich to visit Cézanne's painting exhibition. Vases and the landscape of Bologna are the main themes of his paintings. He spent his whole lifetime to learn to paint vases and landscapes.

　　Cheng Yajie was born in Beijing and experienced his adolescence in China where he learned lots of profound Chinese civilization and culture. When he was young, he went to Japan, former Soviet Union and Europe, and settled in Singapore. He learned a lot from various schools of painting, especially the artistic movements in the twentieth century, and broadened his horizon.

　　However, these two artists with totally different experiences showed special preference to the advanced gray which can be found from their works. It's interesting to comparatively appreciate the advanced gray in their paintings.

　　Morandi nearly never used the bright color in his paintings, instead, he just adopted some middle color tones with dull feeling to depict the subjects. Different brightness and purity of the same hue restraint and counteract each other to reach a perfect balance of vision. Morandi sought to display his artistic pursuit and spirit realm with deeper conscious in the most common state.

　　Nevertheless, Cheng Yajie uses much more colors in his paintings. There are more contrasts between neutral colors and chromatic colors, such as, rosy, bisque, lemon yellow, cobalt blue, ultramarine blue and emerald. Besides, the purity and brightness are higher than that of Morandi's paintings. Therefore, the paintings are much brighter and more sprightly, which implies Cheng Yajie's active thinking and his attempts and acceptance of new subjects. This is also a kind of young attitude towards life.

　　Morandi is the European painter whose style is the closest to Chinese paintings. His paintings with apparent simplicity is similar to Chinese ink and wash which just uses colors of black, whiter and gray. On the contrary, Cheng Yajia accepts the noises from the artistic experiment in the twentieth century and set his own banner to combine the connotation of Chinese with the straightforwardness of people in the Western world, which can be found from the happiness and sunshine in his paintings. Similar in applying the advance gray, Morandi showed a mainstream of quite, elegant, implicit and steady style, which seems a little monotonous, vague and week. Differing from his style, Cheng Yajie's style is generous and lively and creates an atmosphere of unity, elegance and harmony.

作者：林夕