粉彩瓷是珐琅彩之外，清宫廷又一创烧的彩瓷。在烧好的胎釉上施含砷物的粉底，涂上颜料后用笔洗开，由于砷的乳蚀作用颜色产生粉化效果。

In addition to enamel, pastel porcelain was created and burned by the Qing court. The base of the burnt glaze is applied with arsenic. The pigment is painted and washed with a brush. The color of the glaze is produced due to the emulsion effect of arsenic.

 

 

粉彩是乾隆朝瓷器中所占此重较大的品种之一，在雍正瓷的基础上又有新的突破。乾隆粉彩中的一部分继承了雍正时期在肥润的白釉上绘疏朗艳丽纹饰的特点，如常见的折枝花卉盘、碗、小瓶、面盆、人物笔筒和大件器物鹿头尊等。

 

 

Pastel is one of the most important porcelains in Qianlong Dynasty. It has a new breakthrough on the basis of Yongzheng porcelains. Some of the Qianlong pastels inherited the characteristics of the sparse and gorgeous patterns painted on the plump white glaze during the Yongzheng period, such as the common folding flower plates, bowls, small bottles, basins, character pens and large implements such as deer head Zun.

 

 

 

乾隆朝除了白地绘粉彩外，还有色地粉彩或色地开光中绘粉彩等品种。乾隆朝粉彩的创新品种是在黄、绿、红、粉、蓝等色地上用极细的工具轧出缠枝忍冬或缠枝蔓草等延绵不断的纹饰，且多和开光一起使用，人称轧道开光。这一工艺的出现，将粉彩推上了更加富丽繁缛的顶峰，一直延续到民国。

 

 

In the Qianlong Dynasty, there were not only white pastels, but also colored pastels or colored pastels. The innovative varieties of pastels in Qianlong Dynasty were made by using very fine tools on yellow, green, red, pink, blue and other colors to roll out continuous patterns such as honeysuckle or tangled branches and vines, which were often used together with Kaiguang. The appearance of this craft pushed the pastels to the peak of more colorful and complicated, which lasted until the Republic of China.

 

 

粉彩瓷装饰画法上的洗染，吸取了各姐妹艺术中的营养，采取了点染与套色的手法，使所要描绘的对象，无论人物，山水，花卉，鸟虫都显得质感强，明暗清晰，层次分明。采用的画法既有严整工细刻画微妙的工笔画，又有渗入淋漓挥洒，简洁洗练的写意画，还有夸张变形的装饰画风。甚至把版画，水彩画，油画以及水彩画等姐妹艺术都加以融汇运用，精微处，丝毫不爽；豪放处，生动活泼。

 

 

The washing and dyeing on the decorative painting method of pastel porcelain absorbed the nutrition of each sister's art, and adopted the technique of spot dyeing and color matching to make the objects to be depicted, no matter the characters, landscapes, flowers, birds and insects, appear strong in texture, clear in light and shade, and distinct in layers. The painting methods used are not only meticulous and meticulous depiction of delicate fine brushwork, but also penetrating, concise and concise freehand brushwork, as well as exaggerated and distorted decorative painting style. Even print, watercolor, oil painting, watercolor and other sister arts are integrated and used, subtle, not happy at all; bold, lively.

 

 

粉彩的绘制，一般要经过打图，升图，做图，拍图，画线，彩料，填色，洗染等工序。其中从打图到拍图，是一个用墨线起稿，进行创作构思，如绘瓷决定装饰内容与形象构图的阶段。正式绘制时的定稿叫“升图”，把描过浓墨的图样从瓷器上拍印下来叫“做图”。

The drawing of pastel generally goes through the process of drawing, upgrading, drawing, photographing, drawing lines, color materials, coloring, washing and dyeing. From drawing to drawing, it is a stage of using ink lines to draft and create ideas, such as painting porcelain to decide the decoration content and image composition. The final draft of the official drawing is called "ascending drawing", and the drawing with heavy ink is called "making drawing" after being photographed and printed on the porcelain.

 

 

接着把印有墨线的图纸转拍到要正式绘制的瓷胎上去即“拍图”，这样就可进行绘瓷。粉彩的描绘，着色技法是比较复杂细致的，一般如画，彩，填，洗，扒，吹，点等技法。其所用工具有画笔，填笔，洗笔，彩笔，笃笔，赤金笔，金水笔，玛瑙笔，扒笔等许多特制笔。

Then transfer the drawing printed with ink lines to the porcelain body to be formally drawn, which is called "drawing", so that porcelain can be drawn. The painting and coloring techniques of pastels are complex and meticulous, such as painting, coloring, filling, washing, pickling, blowing, and point. The tools used are paintbrush, filling pen, washing pen, color pen, Du pen, red gold pen, golden water pen, agate pen, pickling pen and many other special pens.