“天启通宝十一两”是明朝熹宗皇帝执政期间铸造的，另有天启通宝50多个版别。单是币背面的文字，就有很多种，有纪局名、地名的户、工、高、浙、福、云、密、镇、府、院、新；纪重的有一钱、一钱一分、一钱二分等。天启钱有折二钱，但铸得不多。

"The eleventh liang of Tianqi Tongbao" was forged during the reign of emperor Xizong of the Ming Dynasty, and there were more than 50 editions of Tianqi Tongbao. There are many kinds of characters on the back of the coin, including the name of the Ji Bureau, the household of the place name, Gong, Gao, Zhe, Fu, Yun, MI, Zhen, Fu, yuan, Xin; those with Ji Chong have one coin, one coin one fen, one coin two Fen, etc. Tianqi money has two fold, but not much.

天启通宝背十一两钱中既有记值也有记重，“十”字意味着记值十文钱，右边竖着的“一两”二字表示重量为一两，合起来就是“折十重一两”，直径比较大。当十钱种类却很多，大小、轻重不一。因此有人认为明朝天启年间所铸的“天启通宝”，开启了我国古代钱币背面版式多样化的先河。

Among the eleven Liang coins on Tianqi Tongbao back, there are both value and weight. The word "ten" means ten Wen coins. The word "one or two" on the right stands for one or two weight. Together, it means "ten fold one or two". The diameter is relatively large. However, there are many kinds of ten coins, different in size and weight. Therefore, it is believed that the "Tianqi Tongbao" coined in the Tianqi period of the Ming Dynasty opened the way for the diversification of the back types of Chinese ancient coins.

明史《食货五》“天启元年，铸泰昌钱，兵部尚书王象乾请铸当十、当百、当千三等大钱，用龙文略做白金三品之制，于是两京皆铸大钱。后有言大钱之弊者，诏南京停铸大钱，收大钱发局改铸，当时开局遍天下，重课钱息。”

"In the first year of Tianqi, Taichang coins were cast. Wang Xiangqian, the Minister of the Ministry of war, asked him to cast ten, one hundred and one thousand three coins. He made three kinds of platinum coins with Longwen, so they were both cast in Beijing. Later, those who said that there was a disadvantage of big money ordered Nanjing to stop casting big money, and then the Bureau of collecting and distributing big money changed casting. At that time, it started all over the world, paying more attention to money and interest. "

彭信威《中国货币史》“天启元年王象乾因军需浩大，请两局和十三省设局鼓铸，规定以六百文为一两。”同时，“王象乾提议兼铸当十当百当千三等大钱，当十钱的重量为小钱的一倍，当百钱五倍，当千钱十倍。”又说“三等大钱也许没有铸造，也许铸造了没有发行就收回改铸。但当十大钱是铸造过的，而且铸得很多，官铸私铸都有。

"In the first year of Tianqi, Wang Xiangqian asked two bureaus and thirteen provinces to set up bureaus for the purpose of building up a large military supply, with a stipulation of 600 Wen as one or two." At the same time, "Wang Xiangqian proposed that we should also make a lot of money, such as ten for one hundred thousand three, when the weight of ten is twice that of small money, when one hundred five times, when one thousand ten times." He also said, "the third class money may not have been cast, or it may have been cast without being issued and then recovered and recast.". But when the ten big coins were cast, and cast a lot, official casting and private casting all have.

天启背十一两密开铸于天启背十一两铸行一年之后，从二者的联系来看，背十一两密其形制与背十一两大致相同。或可这样认为，“背十一两密”应是“背十一两”的借范钱，只是背面多了一个“密”字而已。早期的天启背十一两密钱形较大而略厚，钱文特征，“两”字笔画瘦硬，后期的则肥而圆滑。这些特征都可以通过背十一两来印证。背十一两密和背十一两的最显著区别是，背十一两密宝字的“贝”略宽，而背十一两的“贝” 则略为狭窄。

One year after the founding of tianqibei Xi Liang, the shape of Bei Xi Liang is roughly the same as that of Bei Xi. Or it can be said that "reciting the eleven secrets" should be the borrowing money of "reciting the eleven secrets", but there is only one more "secret" on the back. In the early days of tianqibei, the eleven secret coins were large and slightly thick, with the characteristics of Qian Wen. The strokes of "two" characters were thin and hard, while those of the later period were fat and smooth. These characteristics can be confirmed by reciting 11 or 22. The most significant difference between the two is that the word "Bei" is a little wider while the word "Bei" is a little narrower.

天启二年，户部正式设立宝泉局来铸钱，由右侍郎主持，叫钱法堂。其铸额远超过工部的宝源局，外地也有铸大钱的，如宣府、密云二镇。……六年才下令收回大钱。”“钱局人员舞弊，铸造特别轻小的钱来充数，或降低铜的成色，应当是铜七铅三的，天启三年贬为铜铅各半。”

In the second year of Tianqi, the Ministry of housing officially established Baoquan bureau to make money, which was presided over by the right servant, called qianfatang. Its casting amount is far more than that of Baoyuan Bureau of the Ministry of work, and there are also large amount of money casting in other places, such as Xuanfu and Miyun town It took six years to order the recovery of the big money. " "The officials of the money Bureau cheated, casting extremely light and small money to replenish or reduce the quality of copper. It should be copper, seven lead and three. In the three years of Tianqi, it was reduced to half copper and half lead."

根据以上史料，对天启当十大钱的铸行情况略加梳理如下：

1、铸期。始于天启元年，终于天启六年。天启背府、背十一两密似开铸于天启二年。

2、铸地。北京和南京。彭信威先生说外地只有宣府和密云二镇。从目前所见实物看，尚有蓟镇。

3、材质。天启三年前为“铜七铅三”， 天启三年贬为铜铅各半。白铜钱极少见，皆为官铸。

According to the above historical data, the casting situation of the top ten coins of tianqidang is summarized as follows:

1. Casting period. It began in the first year of Tianqi and ended in the sixth year. The secret of Tianqi Beifu and Beixi seems to have been cast in the second year of Tianqi.

2. Casting. Beijing and Nanjing. Mr. Peng Xinwei said that there were only Xuanfu and Miyun towns in the other areas. From the present physical objects, there is Jizhen.

3. Material. Three years ago, Tianqi was called "copper, seven lead and three", and three years ago, it was reduced to half copper and half lead. White copper coins are rare, all of which are made by officials.