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乾隆通宝,字从上而下而右而左直读,钱背文字沿雍正满文钱式穿孔左边有"宝"字,穿孔右边铸有各局名。乾隆通宝”版式很多,钱文方面京局的多用宋体,宝浙局多用楷书,宝陕、宝川两局用隶书,但大多数地方钱局用宋体。新疆红钱部分局背满文,其他则背维文和满文。少数钱背有星、汉字,又有记年,记值,合背,吉语等钱。乾隆常见的共有二十二个铸局,新疆红钱有六个铸局。
乾隆通宝钱径约2.2-2.5厘米,厚0.1厘米,重约2.4-4.8克。钱面文字“乾隆通宝”以楷书书写,其字从上而下而右而左直读。钱背文字沿雍正满文钱式穿孔左边有"宝"字,穿孔右边铸有各局名。乾隆通宝连宝泉、宝源在内先后有29局开铸,多用黄铜与青铜,也引进国外洋铜浇制法。新疆地区新用方孔圆钱,开设伊犁、阿克苏、乌什、叶尔羌、喀什葛尔、库车等局,因用自产红铜鼓铸、故称为“新疆红钱”或“普尔钱”(“普尔”维语即钱的意思)。乾隆通宝只少数钱背文看见星号或汉字。乾隆通宝还有合面钱、吉语钱以及私铸劣质钱、鹅眼钱等,品类不下百种,存于世上的有雕母数种,至为珍贵。
In the thirteenth year of Yongzheng (1735), Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty acceded to the throne, and changed the yuan to Qianlong. For casting "Ganlong Tongbao", it is still required to weigh one penny and two cents. The Shufa Qian foundries are more exquisite than those in Yongzheng. At first, the Qing government continued to implement the policy of deflation. Compared with Yongzheng's, the amount of money increased or decreased. First of all, in the fourth year of Qianlong, the three bureaus of Baohe, Baogong and Baoji were stopped. In the fifth year of Qianlong, the Baofu Bureau was opened, in the seventh year, the Baogui Bureau was opened, and in the tenth year, it was opened. Before the Qianlong Dynasty, money was made of copper, lead and zinc without tin, and it was called "yellow money". In the fifth year of Qianlong, it was stipulated that 2% tin should be added to the copper material for casting money, which was called "green money". Officially, it is to put an end to private money, but in fact it is tantamount to losing weight. "In the 40 years of Qianlong's reign, the situation of private casting became more and more prosperous, and the provincial officials stole the casting. The government could do nothing about it. In addition, the copper production in Yunnan was decreasing year by year, which led to soaring copper prices and the cost of casting money. The Qing government then adopted the deflation policy, stopping the casting of Baozhi, Dali, Guangxi and Lin 'an bureaus successively, and encouraging businessmen to import copper materials from overseas. However, these measures failed to solve the problem fundamentally. Although private investment decreased, official money did not increase, and private transactions lacked money, so the phenomenon of using ancient money appeared. Fifty years after Qianlong's reign, Baozhi and other bureaus were opened one after another, and at the same time, the standard of money making was relaxed, which led to the uneven quality of money making in the late Qianlong period, which was not as good as the first. In addition, during the Qianlong Dynasty, the "Ganlong Tongbao" red money (also called Poole money, which means money in Uyghur language) was produced in Xinjiang, and it was cast in Xinjiang with copper produced in Xinjiang as raw material. Since then, all dynasties have cast it.
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