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花卉画法

  草

  本章包括花、草、叶、石等画法。概言之,花卉画法,正与虫鸟等的画法一样,有钩勒和没骨法两种,亦有钩勒与没骨并用的兼工带写意的方法。画花卉,可与拳石、苔草、虫鸟配合,以增生意。春草嫩、夏草茂、秋草残、冬草枯,均用浓淡墨画出,如着色则春夏加青绿色,秋冬加赭绿黄褐等色,画草的方向,要注意风势,为分茎叶的,只画茎,后画叶,最后加花或穗。

  THE TECHNIQUE OF PAlNTING FLOWERS

  GRASS

  weed or grass is sometimes added to suggest land, weather, season in aflower painting. In spring the grass young and tender,in summer it is thick andexuberant, in autumn it withers while in Wihter it dries. If COlour is applied, tints of green blue may be used forspring and summer grasses, and yellow or red-ochre may be added for those of autumn and winter.It is important to note whither the grass turns, as it always follows the direction of the wind. If stems are there,paint the Stems first and then the blades.Ears or flowers are, painted.last. Various forms Of grasses are shown here.

  石

  画石一般先钩外廓,再分石纹,然后皴染。用笔落墨,要求表现出石块坚硬的质感。也有不钩外廓,祗用墨或颜色点染而成,则称为没骨。没骨画法的用墨或用色,应浓淡得宜,最忌模糊一片。中国画有“石分三面”之说,就是说画石要有阴阳向背,具有立体感。

  ROCKS

  “ConSider the three planes of a rock”, as the Chinese painters say.In general firt outline the form of the rock Withadry brush.Do not use a sweeping line With steady brush, but as you paint you may roll the brush gently With your fingera, making beaks in Places according to the form of the rock. Except when doing a smooth rock the outline generaiiy looks rugged.Do the shading With wrinkling technique. APPly washes With very light diluted ink. This step adds more tonal variations to the rock. COlour washes may be applied instead of ink washes. Moss dots may be added before or after the washes. Hold the brush upright and dip the tip into charred or deep-black ink. Now dot your brush in irregular and slightly overlapping groupS to show moss or weed that may grow on the rock.various styles of rock-wrinking are show here.

  花

  画花宜注意花头、枝干、花叶,结构和组织。一株花有木本和草本之分。木本苍劲,草本柔嫩。花形分为四办,五办、六办及多办大花头等。五办花形是花的基本画法。花办有长短、尖圆、缺刻、分歧等种种区别,画时要注意正反卷折的变化。花办是从花心作放射形伸展生长的,因此画时要注意向花心集中。本辑画法,为作者历年经验的总结。

  a.绣球 落叶灌木,高约数尺至一丈。花色淡紫、红、白,百朵成簇如球。每朵五办,有深裂痕。叶椭圆,边缘有锯齿,春天开花。

  b.桃花 落叶乔木,高丈余。花色有粉红、大红、朱红等,雄蕊甚多,雌蕊一枚。花蒂肥大,呈赤红色,每花五办,办形略尖。叶狭长而尖,边缘有锯齿,色浅绿,枝墨绿色。春天开花。

  c. 杜鹃 常绿灌木,由一、二尺至一丈高者不等。有红,白,朱、黄等色,花办深裂,其中三办有细点,花摹略尖,花冠长筒形。叶椭圆,春末初夏开花,枝墨赭色。

  d.石竹花 多年生草本,茎高一,二尺,有节。花色红,朱,白紫等,花形如长筒,每花五办,花办深裂,办边有锯齿。;叶狭长而尖,对生。春末夏初开花。

  e.秋葵 一年生草本,茎高四,五尺。花黄色,花蒂朱,赭色,花办有深裂及纹脉。柱头五裂,高耸花中央。叶大,互生,掌状有深裂。夏秋间开花。

  f.秋海棠 多年生草本,高二、三尺。花浅红,每花四、五办,圆形,花蕊黄色。叶大如心形,边有锯齿。叶背有红色筋络,枝有节,绿色,带红,秋天开花。

  g.木棉 木本,高二、三丈,有英雄树之称。花朱红色,每朵五办,有深裂痕,背面朱黄色,花办很厚。雄蕊一枚,雌蕊簇生,墨赭色。花托墨绿色,带红,花形大如拳。春天开花,花开时无叶。

  h.金凤花 木本,高者约丈余。花朱红色,五瓣,其中有一办为黄白色,雄蕊一枚,雌蕊六枚。数花聚集一簇,密生、叶细小、对生、羽状。夏天开花,叶甚茂盛,枝浅墨绿色。

  i.紫藤 枝茎,攀缠他物而生长。花紫色,一串花成办约十余至二十余朵。花下垂、四办、花形如蝴蝶、叶互生、羽状,春天开花。

  j.山茶花 木本,高一,二丈,枝墨赭色。花白色,亦有红、粉红等色者,五瓣。叶面作深绿色,叶背浅绿色。

  k.紫荆 木本,花紫色,五办,其中一办深紫红色,花办有深裂痕,办上有直纹。花蕊七枚,其中雌蕊一枚较长,顶端绿色。花托着石绿,嫩枝绿色,老枝墨绿,叶圆形,有直线脉络,春天开花。

  l.石榴花 落叶灌木,高一丈余。花色有朱、黄、白,单托者五办,双托者多办,花蒂肥大,花萼密而薄,带皱纹。叶长椭圆形,枝深红带墨绿色。夏日开花。

  (2)六办长蒂花形

  a.百合 草本,高三、四尺。花纯白色,雄蕊六枚,雌蕊一枚,较长。花冠长筒状,花办六出,有深裂。叶狭长,互生,春末夏初开花。

  b,紫薇花 木本,花紫色,六办,花办凹陷,有皱纹,含苞未放时为绿色带红线。叶椭圆形。夏末秋初开花。

  c.萱草 草本,花朱黄色,形似百合。花瓣六出,有单瓣重瓣之别。花蕊七枚,雌蕊六枚,雌蕊一枚。茎细小,叶柔弱而细长,春天开花。

  d.山水仙花 草本,高一尺余。花白色,花办六出,中有黄朱色杯状花冠。业长而扁平,有并行叶脉,冬末春初开花。

  (3)多瓣花形

  a.牡丹 落叶灌木,枝干有劲。高四、五尺,最高者可达丈余。花有红、紫、黄、白多种,尤以黄色为贵重。花朵艳丽,有富贵花之称。花办肥厚,花蕊甚多,雌蕊数枚。叶状颇大而有裂纹,为羽状复叶,有一叶,三叶、九叶之分,春日开花。

  b.芍药 多年生草本,高四、五尺。花色灿烂,有大红、朱红、紫红、粉红、白等多种,并有单办重瓣之别。花冠大如牡丹,花办上有脉络。茎与叶于绿色中带红,尖长柔软,有三深裂,复叶有一叶、三叶、九叶之分。春初盛开。

  c.荷花 多年生草本,长于浅水中。花有白、粉红、朱红等色,有单办重办之别,尤以并蒂者为贵。花办上有脉纹,背面较深。雄蕊甚多,白色有黄点,雌蕊一枚,即莲蓬,上有小孔,茎端着花,花大而美。叶圆形,大如盘。夏天开花。 •

  d.芙蓉 落叶灌木,茎高丈余。花色有粉红、白色等,有单办重瓣之别,花瓣薄,色清雅有致。叶形如掌,分五尖端,互生。秋天开花。

  e.虞美人 一年或多年生草本,茎高一、二尺, 浅绿带粉红色, 细长柔弱, 有茸毛。花色有红,白、黄、紫等,雄蕊苞多,雌蕊一枚,有单办重办之别。花冠杯状,叶大而长,边缘缺刻深裂。初夏开花。

  f.鸡冠花 草本,高一,二尺,花色有大红、紫红,金黄等,花形如鸡冠,有细毛。叶绿色,起红色叶脉,枝绿色带红。秋末冬初开花。

  g.大红花 木本,枝干墨赭色。花色有大红、朱红、朱黄,粉红等,有单办重办之别,花办有脉络,花蕊长。叶阔大,一年四季开花。

  h.胡姬花 草本,为热带植物,种类繁多,色泽娇艳,花期颇长,可一两个月后才凋谢。

  (4)叶

  a.尖形叶

  (I)石竹叶

  (II)鸡冠叶

  b.阔形叶

  山茶叶

  c.团形叶

  蜀葵叶

  d.歧形叶

  (I)秋瓜叶

  (Ⅱ)秋葵叶

  e.长形叶

  水仙叶

  f.亚叶

  芍药

  g.圆形叶

  荷花

  h.锯齿形叶

  (I)凌霄

  (Ⅱ)海棠

  (Ⅲ)绣球

  FLOWERS

  A twig of a flower includes flower, leaf, and stem. To paint a flower, observe the form of the flower first, then the position; the colour, and the relation of one flower to the other. There are herbs and shrubs, the former having weaker stems while the latter looking stronger and straighter. To compose a flower-piece first arrange the main branches and then add the minor twigs. Usually there are three methods of arranging the branches, i.e., pointing up, pointing down, and pointing sidewise. The flower does not stand alone, and in most cases it is accom-panied by leaves or other twigs. The leaves dangle in the air, and even a gentle breeze may stir a thick foliage. So leaves often add movement to a flower-piece,and enliven the whole picture.

  To paint a flower piece, generally do the flowers and leaves first, and then the stems. Add the veins of the leaves and dot the flower-buds later on. To paint a shrub, however, you may do the stems and branches first and then flowers and leaves.

  (1)FLOWERS OF FOUR OR FIVE PETALS

  a. Hydrangea Hortensis

  b. Peach

  c. Azalea

  d. Carnation

  e. Holly Hock

  f. Begonia

  g. Kapok

  h. Furze

  i. Vistaria

  j. Camellia

  k. Bauhinia

  1. Pomegranate

  (2)FLOWERS OF SIX

  a. Lily

  b. Crape-myrtle

  c. Day Lily

  d. Daffodil

  (3)FLOWERS OF MULTI-PETALS

  a. Mowtan Peony

  b. Herbeceous Peony

  c. Lotus

  d. Hibiscus

  e. Lychnis

  f. Cockcomb

  g. Red Flower

  h. Tropical orchid

  (4)LEAVES

  a. Pointed Leaves

  (i) Carnation

  (ii) Cockcomb

  b.Broad Leaves

  Camellia

  c.Round Leaves

  Holly Hock

  d.Fork Leaves

  (i) Autumn

  (ii) Palm

  e.Slender Leaves

  Daffodils

  f.Lobate Leaves

  Hibiscus

  g.Circular Leaves

  Lotus

  h.Toothed Leaves

  ( i ) Tecoma

  (ii) Begonia

  (iii) Hydrangea Hortensis

作者:蔡公衡

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