紫砂壶是中国一种传统茶壶，相传源自宋代至明武宗正德年间。制作紫砂壶的材料是紫砂矿土，由紫泥、绿泥和红泥三种基本泥构成，统称紫砂泥。因产自江苏宜兴，又称宜兴紫砂。好茶者认为，用紫砂壶泡茶，茶味隽永醇厚，紫砂壶因其特殊的双气孔结构，能吸收茶香茶色茶味，因此茶壶使用越久，泡出来的茶越香越醇。因紫砂壶吸色吸味的特点，有“一壶不侍二茶”之说。

紫砂生产始于北宋中叶，至明正德年间（1506－1521年）开始兴盛，并涌现出了许多民间艺人。其中供春， 把紫砂器推进到一个新的境界而成为最早的著名民间艺人。至万历年间，名匠辈出，各人自立门户，争奇斗 胜。在制品的烧制技术上也得到改进，使产品增加了色彩和光洁度。万历以后 紫砂工业形成独立的生产体系， 而进入百品竞新的兴盛时期，除了生产茶具外，还生产文房雅玩、香盒等工艺品。明未，紫砂被葡萄牙商人带 到欧洲，称为"红色瓷器"。清代，紫砂工艺迅速发展，产品的式样和风格比明代更为奇特，新品种也不断增加 ，如紫砂花盆以及种种陈设和玩具。其中有借鉴花果造型和古铜器式样的茶壶，还有用各种粉彩山水装饰的紫 砂壶以及花生、荸荠各式果品的紫砂象形品。由于壶艺精进，常被宫廷皇室选为贡品，并向欧洲、日本、东南 亚及南美各国出口。民国4年，宜兴紫砂首次在巴拿马国际博览会中获奖。民国6年，江苏省立陶器工厂在蜀山 成立，招聘陶瓷专家和技术工人生产紫砂器，并对紫砂泥质、泥色以及造型等进行研究和改进。民国10年，利 用公司在蜀山开办利用陶工传习所，招收和培养紫砂艺徒，并建造龙窑1座，烧造紫砂产品。其时，紫砂生产分 布于蜀山、潜洛、上袁等地，烧造紫砂产品的窑已有10座，年产量达100多万件。到了民国21年，紫砂人业人数 已达600多人，全年共140窑，年产量220万件，年产值约42万元，占宜兴陶瓷工业总产的15%左右，并直接接受 日本、东南亚等国的订货，是紫砂工业特盛的一年。是年，朱可心、陈寿珍、俞国良、吴云根、范福奎等紫砂 艺人的作品[云龙鼎]、[掇球]、[仿古]、[传炉]等均获美国芝加哥博览会优秀奖。

Zisha teapot is a traditional teapot in China. It is said that Zisha teapot originated from Song Dynasty to Zhengde period of emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty. The material of making purple clay pot is purple clay, which is composed of Purple mud, green mud and red mud. Because produced in Yixing, Jiangsu, also known as Yixing purple sand. Good tea makers believe that making tea with purple clay teapot is meaningful and mellow. Because of its special double pore structure, purple clay teapot can absorb the tea flavor and tea color. Therefore, the longer the teapot is used, the more fragrant and mellow the tea will be. Because of the characteristics of purple clay pot absorbing color and taste, there is a saying that "one pot does not serve two teas". Purple sand production began in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty and flourished in the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty (1506-1521), and many folk artists emerged. Among them, Gongchun pushed zisha ware to a new level and became the first famous folk artist. During the Wanli period, famous craftsmen came out in large numbers, and each of them set up his own house to fight for success. The firing technology of products in process has also been improved, and the color and finish of products have been increased. After Wanli, the purple sand industry formed an independent production system, and entered a prosperous period of competition. In addition to the production of tea sets, it also produced arts and crafts such as study, elegant play and incense box. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, purple sand was brought to Europe by Portuguese merchants, known as "red porcelain". In the Qing Dynasty, with the rapid development of purple sand technology, the styles and styles of products were more peculiar than those in the Ming Dynasty, and new varieties were increasing, such as purple sand flowerpots, various furnishings and toys. Among them, there are teapots with flower and fruit shapes and bronze ware styles, purple clay teapots decorated with various pastel landscapes, and purple clay pictographs of peanuts and water chestnuts. Because of its excellent craftsmanship, it was often chosen as a tribute by the royal family and exported to Europe, Japan, Southeast Asia and South America. In 2004, Yixing Zisha won the first prize in Panama International Fair. In the sixth year of the Republic of China, Jiangsu Provincial pottery factory was established in Shushan. It recruited ceramic experts and technical workers to produce purple sand ware, and studied and improved the quality, color and modeling of purple sand clay. In the 10th year of the Republic of China, the company set up a Pottery Workshop in Shushan to recruit and cultivate purple sand artists, and built a dragon kiln to make purple sand products. At that time, purple sand production was distributed in Shushan, qianluo, Shangyuan and other places. There were 10 kilns for firing purple sand products, with an annual output of more than 1 million pieces. By the 21st year of the Republic of China, the number of people in Zisha industry had reached more than 600. The annual output of 140 kilns was 2.2 million pieces, and the annual output value was about 420000 yuan, accounting for about 15% of the total output of Yixing ceramic industry. It directly accepted orders from Japan, Southeast Asia and other countries. It was a prosperous year for Zisha industry. In that year, the works of purple clay artists such as Zhu Kexin, Chen ShouZhen, Yu Guoliang, Wu yungen and fan Fukui [Yunlong Ding], [duoqiu], [archaize], [Zhuanlu] won the excellence award of Chicago Expo.

In the late Qing Dynasty, the internal division of labor of Yixing pottery workers became more and more detailed with the formation of handicraft workshops. For example, the excavation and processing of clay and the production of glaze are divided into three types of work. With the close division of labor, a variety of guilds appeared, each of which had its own rules and could not be overstepped.

Another important reason for the prosperity of purple sand industry in Qing Dynasty was that purple sand ware entered the court, further combined with the hobby of literati, and the development of overseas market.

【藏 品 名 称】吉祥如意紫砂壶

【藏 品 类 型】杂项

【藏 品 来 源】个人珍藏

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