岫岩玉（产于辽宁岫岩）；泰山玉（产于山东泰安）；南方玉（产于广东罗定、信宜）；老君庙玉（产于 甘肃酒泉）；祁连玉（产于青海祁连山）；莱阳玉（产于山东莱阳）；蓝田玉（产于陕西蓝田县）。

（1）解理和断口：无解理，断口呈平坦状。

在放大镜下，可见到黄绿色基底中存在着少量黑色矿物包裹体，灰白色透明的矿物晶体，灰绿色绿泥石鳞片聚集成的丝状、细带状包裹体以及由颜色不均匀引起的白色、褐色条带或团块

Serpentine jade, also known as Xiuyu, comes from Xiuyan County, Anshan City, Liaoning Province. Together with Hetian jade, Lantian jade and Dushan jade, it is known as China's four famous jade. Serpentine jade is the first kind of jade recognized and used by human beings. A large number of serpentine jades have been unearthed in the Neolithic sites about 7000 years ago in China.

Serpentine jade (Xiuyu) is widely distributed in nature. It has different names due to different origins, such as Xinyi jade in Guangdong, Luchuan jade in Guangxi, Jiuquan jade in Gansu, Kunlun jade in Xinjiang, and Bao Wenyu in the United States, New Zealand and Afghanistan. Xiuyu is an ancient traditional jade in China. More than 10000 years ago, there were choppers made of Xiuyu at Xiaogushan cultural site in Haicheng, Liaoning Province. Most of the jade clothes of the Han Dynasty were also made of Xiuyu pieces.

Whether it's a prosperous metropolis or a remote town, whether it's a high-end jewelry store or a stall set up along the street, there are different grades of serpentine jade carving ornaments. A large number of jade pillows sold in stores are also made of serpentine jade, which can calm the nerves, dredge the meridians and smooth the flow of Qi and blood.

Because it is produced all over the world, serpentine jade often has many names because of different origins.

Such as the New Zealand product called Bowen jade; The American product is called William jade; The Korean product is called gaoliyu.

Serpentine Jade also has many names in China

Xiuyan Jade (produced in Xiuyan, Liaoning Province); Taishan jade (produced in Taian, Shandong Province); Nanfangyu (produced in Luoding, Xinyi, Guangdong Province); Laojunmiao jade (produced in Jiuquan, Gansu Province); Qilian jade (from Qilian Mountain, Qinghai Province); Laiyang jade (produced in Laiyang, Shandong Province); Lantian jade (produced in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province).

1. Chemical composition

Serpentine is a layered water bearing magnesium silicate mineral with the chemical formula of mg6si4o10 (OH) 8. Mg can be replaced by Mn, Al, Ni, and sometimes mixed with Cu and Cr.

For serpentine, the chemical composition is affected by its mineral composition. Generally, the chemical composition of pure serpentine jade is close to the theoretical content of serpentine minerals. When the content of tremolite in jade increases, its chemical composition becomes high silicon, high calcium and poor magnesium. When the content of chlorite in jade increases obviously, its chemical composition is relatively poor in magnesium and silicon, but rich in aluminum.

2. Mineral composition

Serpentine is mainly composed of minerals, and dolomite, tremolite, calcite, talc, magnetite, magnesite, chlorite, diopside, chromite and other minor minerals. The content of minor minerals varies greatly, which has an obvious influence on the quality of serpentine jade. In some cases, the content of minor minerals can be more than half and become the major minerals.

3. Crystalline state

Serpentine belongs to monoclinic system and occurs as fine-grained leaf like or fibrous cryptocrystalline aggregate.

4. Optical properties

(1) Color: great change, mainly light yellow, yellow green, green, colorless, etc.

(2) Transparency and luster: translucent transparent; Waxy to glassy.

(3) Optical property: heterogeneous mineral aggregate, no extinction potential under orthogonal polarization.

(4) Refractive index: 1.560 ~ 1.570 (+ 0.004, - 0.070) by point measurement.

(5) Luminescence: generally inert. Sometimes it can show weak green fluorescence under long wavelength ultraviolet.

5. Mechanical properties

(1) Cleavage and fracture: there is no cleavage and the fracture is flat.

(2) Hardness: affected by the constituent minerals, the Mohr's hardness varies from 2.5 to 6. The hardness of pure serpentine jade is low, about 3 ~ 3.5, and increases with the increase of the content of tremolite.

(3) Density: About 2.57 (+ 0.23, - 0.13) g / cm3.

6. Inclusion

Under the magnifying glass, it can be seen that there are a small amount of black mineral inclusions in the yellow green basement, gray white transparent mineral crystals, filamentous and zonal inclusions formed by gray green chlorite scales, and white and brown bands or masses caused by uneven color