珐琅，又称“佛郎”“法蓝”，是一外来语的音译词。而景泰蓝原来指铜胎掐丝珐琅器，后来慢慢也成为珐琅的通称了，珐琅器最早诞生于希腊而后又由于蒙古人统治欧亚大陆，建立大元帝国，由于人种的迁徙与文化技艺频繁的交流，掐丝珐琅的制作技巧随着西方艺人传入我国。明初，掐丝珐琅被宫廷广泛使用，到了景泰年间，珐琅工艺臻于鼎盛。

the enamel Cloisonne originally referred to the copper fetal silk enamel device. Later, it gradually became a common name for crickets. The enamel ware was first born in Greece and was later established by the Mongols that ruled Eurasia and established the Great Yuan Empire, due to ethnic migration and cultural skills. Frequent exchanges and production techniques of silk reel were introduced into China with Western artists. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the silk enamel was widely used by the court. By the time of the Jingtai period, the enamel craftsmanship was at its peak.

景泰蓝见于实物，以明宣德年间（1426年～1435年）为最多。这个时期，工艺的风格特点已经形成，技艺精湛，接近成熟时期。品种有瓶、盘、碗、炉、圆盒、香熏佛像等。后来出现了鼎之类的欣赏品。从故宫等地陈列过的实物来看，珐琅工艺得到了更大的发展。颜色更加丰富，而且混色种类多，有蓝、红、黄、绿、白、天蓝、宝蓝、鸡血红、葡萄紫、紫红、翠蓝等等，釉色变化多而艳丽。

Cloisonne was seen in kind, with the Ming Dynasty (1426 to 1435) being the most common. During this period, the style characteristics of the craft have been formed and the skills are superb. Variety bottles, plates, bowls, ovens, round boxes, aromas and so on. Later came the tripod appreciation. Judging from the real objects displayed in the Forbidden City and other places, the technics have been more developed. The color is more abundant, and there are many kinds of color mixing, such as blue, red, yellow, green, white, sky blue, sapphire blue, chicken blood red, grape purple, purple red, turquoise blue and so on.

清代是掐丝珐琅工艺发展的又一期。随着社会经济不断发展，至清中期物阜民丰，国力强盛，统治阶级有足够的财力精力来支持工艺美术的发展，很多工艺品种都较以前有了长足的进步，这一时期的珐琅工艺也不例外。乾隆时期，掐丝珐琅工艺全面兴盛，并正式达到巅峰，并形成了内府造办处、广州、扬州、苏州等几个工艺中心。乾隆朝除了继续仿制前朝的各种器皿外，还从事仿古铜器和宗教仪典方面所用的佛像、佛龛、佛塔、满达、七珍八宝等供具之制作。

The Qing Dynasty was another stage of the development of the silk reeling process. With the continuous development of the social economy, by the middle of the Qing dynasty, there are abundant people and rich people, and the national power is strong. The ruling class has enough financial resources to support the development of arts and crafts. Many kinds of technics have made considerable progress compared to the past. No exception. During the Qianlong era, the silk enamel craftsmanship flourished and officially reached the peak, and formed a number of Craft Centers such as the Office of the Interior Office of the Republic of China, Guangzhou, Yangzhou, and Suzhou. In addition to continuing to imitate the various utensils of the Former Dynasty, the Qianlong Dynasty also engaged in the production of artifacts such as Buddha statues, Buddhist shrines, pagodas, Manda, and seven treasures used in antique brass and religious rituals.

乾隆时期的景泰蓝，粗细均匀而流畅，色釉种类多样，釉色艳丽、洁净，但大多数缺透明温润的质感。同时结合錾胎和画珐琅之制作技巧于一体，花纹的内容也比明代更为广泛。花鸟虫草图案更加生动多姿，龙凤图案越显刚柔相济，大明莲也演变成精美细秀的勾子莲，并出现了利用历代文人名画掐制的作品。这时已开始使用手摇压丝机，使丝工技艺达到了空前的匀称精美。釉料不仅出现了粉红、银黄和黑等颜色，而且粉碎技术也有了很大提高。釉料研磨的加细，对点润技术的提高和作品的表现力起了很大作用，产品的砂眼也大大减少。

During the Qianlong period, cloisonne was uniform and smooth, with various types of glazes, bright glazes and cleanliness, but most lacked a transparent and warm texture. At the same time, it combines the skills of making abortions and paintings. The materials used are divided into upper, The content of the pattern is also more extensive than that of the Ming Dynasty. The pattern of flowers, birds, and caterpillars is more vivid, the dragon and the phoenix pattern is more and more flexible, and the big lotus has evolved into a beautifully detailed hook lotus. Using works made by ancient literati paintings, this time, we have started using a hand-pressing machine to achieve an unprecedentedly elegant silk craftsmanship.The glazes not only appear pink, silvery yellow and black, but also have smashing techniques. A great deal of improvement has been made, and the refinement of the glaze grinding has played a significant role in the improvement of the point-run technology and the expressiveness of the work, and the product's trachoma has also been greatly reduced.

乾隆以后，由于国势逐渐衰落，掐丝珐琅的制作也开始没落，传世的作品不多。清晚期的掐丝珐琅器造型以瓶为主，式样多有变化，但比例不是很协调。由于多借助于机械成型，故器物胎体轻薄，掐丝线条流畅，但艺术品位明显逊于乾隆珐琅器。鸦片战争爆发后珐琅产品风格大同小异，工艺水平也早已离盛世甚远，由于战乱等原因清中期以前的泰蓝掐丝珐琅十不存一，存世不多，在近几年春拍季中，各大拍卖公司频频出现“白手套”专场。在众多专场中，北京保利春拍中推出了“拂光朗熠——法国梅西耶夫妇藏元明掐丝珐琅器专场”，以景泰蓝（掐丝珐琅）为主打，这在绝大多数专场都以书画为主要内容的氛围中，显得格外抢眼。最终推出的34件掐丝珐琅拍品，总成交额近3400万元。小编从英国罗斯柴尔德拍卖行官网ukrothschild了解到我们今天看到的五件景泰蓝珐琅珍品将参加英国罗斯柴尔德拍卖行ukrothschild新加坡拍卖会，这将又是一场景泰蓝的盛宴，请登录：qr06.cn/FqD7C0 或者 英国罗斯柴尔德拍卖官网了解更多资讯：ukRothschild.com

After Qianlong, due to the gradual decline of the national situation, the production of silk enamel began to decline, and there were only a few works handed down. In the late Qing dynasty, the shape of the silk enamel ware was mainly bottle-based, with many variations in style, but the proportion was not very coordinated. Due to the use of mechanical molding, the carcass is light and thin, and the lines of silk are smooth, but the art is obviously inferior to the Qianlong device. After the Opium War broke out, the style of its products was similar, and the level of craftsmanship had long been far away from prosperity. Because of the war and other reasons, there was no one in the blues before the middle of the Qing dynasty. There were not many survived, and in the spring season in recent years, the major Auction companies frequently appear in "white gloves". In a number of special occasions, Beijing Baoli Spring Films launched the "Dawning Reading - French Messier and Tibetan Men and Women's Silk and Silk Crafts", which is dominated by cloisonne. The atmosphere with calligraphy and painting as the main content is particularly eye-catching. The final sale of 34 pieces of silk reel auctions has a total turnover of nearly 34 million yuan. Xiao Bian learned from the UK's Rothschild Auction House official website Ukruthschild that the top five cloisonne enamel treasures will take part in the ukrothschild auction in Rothschild Auction House in England, which will be a feast for a scene