不同时代有不同的审美标准、生活习惯及技术条件，制约着不同时代陶器的造型。因此，弄清陶器器型产生、发展、演变和消失的历史，则为古陶器的鉴定提供了可靠的基础。例如，新石器时代和商周时期鬲十分流行，到了汉代鬲则无影无踪。陶鼎和陶钟等仿铜陶器，流行于战国和两汉，到魏晋以后就彻底绝迹了。又如仰韶文化多见平底器，缺乏袋足器、三足器和圈足器，龙山文化恰恰与仰韶文化相反，器型多为三足器、圈足器、袋足器，平底或圆底的盆、钵极为少见。除了掌握每个时代器型产生、发展、演变、消亡的历史和地区特有的器型外，还要对每件陶器的口沿、腹部、肩部、颈部、底部和柄、耳、系、流、足、钮、鋬、鼻等细部特征进行仔细对比研究。掌握了器型，再结合胎质、花纹、款识、制作工艺方面的特征进行鉴定，在断代和辨伪时就不致失之千里。因此，形成准确的器型概念，善于体察各时代器型的不同风貌非常重要。

Different ages have different aesthetic standards, living habits and technical conditions, which restrict the shape of pottery in different eras. Therefore, to clarify the history of the generation, development, evolution and disappearance of pottery type, it provides a reliable basis for the identification of ancient pottery. For example, the Neolithic Age and the Shang and Zhou Dynasties were very popular, and in the Han Dynasty, there was no trace. Tao Ding and Tao Zhong and other imitation copper pottery, popular in the Warring States and the Han Dynasty, completely disappeared after the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Another example is the Yangshao culture, which has more flat bottoms, lacks bag foot, three-legged and circle-footed devices. Longshan culture is exactly the opposite of Yangshao culture. The shape is mostly three-legged, ring-footed, bag-footed, flat or round bottom. Pots and pots are extremely rare. In addition to mastering the history of each generation, development, evolution, and extinction of the era, and the unique features of the region, the mouth, abdomen, shoulders, neck, bottom and handle, ear, and system of each pottery The detailed features of flow, foot, button, sputum, and nose were carefully compared. Master the type of machine, combined with the characteristics of the tire quality, pattern, section, and production process to identify, in the generation of the generation and identification, it will not lose a thousand miles. Therefore, it is very important to form an accurate concept of the type of instrument and to be familiar with the different styles of each era.

陶器上的纹饰，无论题材内容和表现手法与瓷器、玉器、古砚上的纹饰一样，都强烈地反映着当时人们的审美观念和情趣，都有鲜明的时代风格和特点，都可以成为我们鉴定陶器时的参考因素。如商代早、中、晚期的陶器在图案花纹上都有比较明显的区别。商代早期陶器多见细绳纹，少见饕餮纹；中期则饕餮纹十分盛行；晚期饕餮纹非常罕见，绳纹又重新兴起，但比商周早期的粗。西周早期的绳纹与商代晚期不同，成组的竖形粗绳纹增多；中期除了绳纹外，又出现了瓦纹（即凹沟纹）；晚期素面增多，绳纹较粗，且模糊不清。

The ornamentation on the pottery, regardless of the subject matter and expression techniques, and the ornamentation on porcelain, jade, and ancient urns, strongly reflect the aesthetic concepts and tastes of the people at that time, and all have distinctive styles and characteristics of the times, which can be our identification. Reference factor for pottery. For example, the early, middle and late pottery of the Shang Dynasty had obvious differences in the pattern. In the early Shang Dynasty pottery, the fine rope pattern was seen, and the crepe pattern was rare; in the middle, the crepe pattern was very popular; the late crepe pattern was very rare, and the rope pattern was re-emerged, but it was thicker than the early Shang and Zhou dynasties. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, the rope pattern was different from that in the late Shang Dynasty. The vertical thick rope pattern of the group increased. In addition to the rope pattern, the pattern appeared in the middle stage (ie, the groove pattern); the late plain surface increased, the rope pattern was thick, and blurred. Unclear.

陶器和瓷器一样，都非常重视胎质的研究。分析胎色、胎质的掺和料也是鉴定陶器的方法之一。道理很简单，一些器物尽管在外形、纹饰上比较相似，但一对比陶胳，就能找出差异。如商代白陶的胎质和器表里均呈白色，洁白细腻，质地坚硬。灰陶从胎色上看，中期的陶器有黑皮泥质陶，早期和晚期不见黑皮陶。西周胎质以泥质和夹砂灰陶为主，亦有少量的夹砂红陶、泥质红陶和泥质黑陶。春秋前期的陶器以泥质灰陶为主，但陶质与西周相比较为细腻；后期以泥质和夹砂灰陶为主，但陶质比较粗疏。不看其它的条件，仅从胎质上即可分出商代、西周和春秋前后期的陶器的时代性。

Pottery, like porcelain, attaches great importance to the study of fetal quality. Analysis of the color of fetal color and fetal material is also one of the methods for identifying pottery. The reason is very simple. Although some objects are similar in shape and texture, you can find out the difference by comparing the pottery. For example, the white matter of the Shang Dynasty white pottery and the watch are white, white and delicate, and the texture is hard. Gray pottery from the color of the color, the medium-term pottery has black-skin clay pottery, black and white pottery in the early and late stages. The Western Zhou Dynasty's placenta is mainly composed of muddy and sand-grid pottery, and there are also a small amount of sand-filled red pottery, muddy red pottery and muddy black pottery. In the early spring and autumn, the pottery was mainly composed of muddy gray pottery, but the pottery was more delicate than that of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The later stage was mainly muddy and sand-filled gray pottery, but the pottery was relatively coarse. Without looking at other conditions, the age of the pottery in the Shang Dynasty, the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the late Spring and Autumn Period can be separated from the fetus.

今天介绍一件汉代素面陶罐，该罐整体造型古朴大方，美观实用，器体不断增高，上腹收小，下腹和底相应扩大，重心向下，越来越切合实用。该罐盘口、短颈、溜肩、鼓腹，肩、腹部曲线圆滑，腹部顶端两侧有铺兽双耳纹饰，下腹斜收，罐面光洁如新，是陶器中难得的佳品。两汉距今已有2000年左右历史，此罐保存至今完好，实属难得。小编从英国罗斯柴尔德拍卖行驻大陆办事处亿缘文化了解到这珍贵的陶罐将参加英国罗斯柴尔德拍卖行ukrothschild新加坡拍卖会，最终这件陶罐将花落谁家，让我们一起期待。请登录：qr06.cn/FqD7C0 或者 英国罗斯柴尔德拍卖官网了解更多资讯：ukRothschild.com

Today introduced a Han Dynasty plain noodle pot, the overall shape of the tank is simple and elegant, beautiful and practical, the body is constantly increasing, the upper abdomen is small, the lower abdomen and the bottom are correspondingly enlarged, the center of gravity is downward, and more and more practical. The canned mouth, short neck, shoulders, bulging belly, shoulder and abdomen curves are smooth, the sides of the abdomen are covered with beasts and ears on both sides of the abdomen, the lower abdomen is inclined, and the cans are as clean as new ones, which is a rare good in pottery. The two Han dynasties have a history of about 2,000 years ago. It is rare that the cans have been preserved so far.