建盏，是中国宋代八大名瓷之一。建盏天目瓷在宋时为皇室御用茶具。建盏产自建窑。“建窑”是我国著名的古窑之一，遗地位于武夷山下的建阳县水吉。宋代产的“建窑”被普遍认为是斗茶最佳的用具。因其色黑，而容易反衬出茶沫的白色。建窑黑瓷的胎质呈灰黑或黑褐（因为含铁量较高）。其胎含砂粒较多，露胎处手感较粗；建盏手感厚重，胎骨厚实坚硬，叩之有金属声，俗称“铁胎”。建盏使用正烧，口沿釉层较薄，而器内底聚釉较厚。为避免烧窑时，釉水粘窑，外壁往往施半釉，而釉在高温中易流动，故又有挂釉现象，俗称“釉泪”、“釉滴珠”。
 
此组建窑有五个，由于它的烧成处于众多缺陷的包围中，一件没有丁点缺陷而斑纹效果很优的建盏几乎难觅。对于高品位建盏的某些缺陷，要宽容，随缘不执。要有“心随万境转，转处实能幽。随流认得性，无喜亦无忧”的审美心态。如有脱釉缺陷，如果光看表面，可能就成了废品，而它的美藏在深处。这与老子讲的“固常无欲以观其妙，常有欲以观其徼”的道理相同。所以深层次的美，需要深层次的眼力和审美心境。否则，会被表面现象所障。其实，也正是这些缺陷或不足存在，记录着窑匠挑战的极限，这些作品才是真正的高难度艺术品。
建盏的高含铁量在使用过程中能不断的释放二价铁离子，又能吸附水中的氯离子，很容易被人体吸收，从而增加血红蛋白的载体及红细胞的功能执行。可预防贫血、高血压，能调节人体中枢神经，达到舒缓的作用。
Jianzhan is one of the eight famous porcelain in the Song Dynasty. Jianzhan Tianmu porcelain was a royal tea set in the Song Dynasty. Jianzhan is produced in Jianyao. "Jianyao" is one of the famous ancient kilns in China. The heritage site is located in Shuiji, Jianyang County, at the foot of Wuyi Mountain. "Jianyao" produced in Song Dynasty is generally considered to be the best tool for tea fighting. Because of its black color, it is easy to contrast the white of tea foam. The tire quality of the black porcelain in the construction kiln is gray black or black brown (because of the high iron content). Its tire contains more sand particles, and the feel of the exposed tire is thick; the handle of the built lamp is thick, the fetal bone is thick and hard, and there is a metal sound when knocking, which is commonly known as "iron tire" 。 The glaze layer along the mouth is thin, and the glaze on the inner bottom is thick. In order to avoid glaze water sticking to the kiln during kiln firing, the outer wall is often semi glazed, and the glaze is easy to flow at high temperature, so there is glaze hanging phenomenon, commonly known as "glaze tears" and "glaze drops".
 
There are five kilns in this group. Because its firing is surrounded by many defects, it is almost difficult to find one with excellent speckle effect without small point defects. For some defects of high-grade Jianzhan, we should be tolerant and not stick to it. We should hav