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瓷版画,又称瓷画,作为一种文化载体,发端于瓷都景德镇,由景德镇烧瓷艺术演绎而来,形成于南昌,主要流传分布在南昌市、景德镇、九江等及邻近省市。是瓷器文化与绘画艺术的完美结合,传承了赣文化的历史。
瓷板画是指在平素瓷板上使用特殊的化工颜料手工绘画、上釉,再经高温烧制而成的一种平面陶瓷工艺品 。瓷板画可装裱、或嵌入屏风中,作观赏用。瓷板画最早可追溯到秦汉时期,而真正意义上的“瓷板画”则出现在明代中期。从清中期开始,瓷板画的发展走向了兴盛。
瓷板画品种多样,有青花、青花釉里红、五彩、素三彩、斗彩、粉彩、墨彩、浅绛彩等,图案内容涉及面广,包括人物、山水、花卉、虫鸟、鱼藻及吉祥图案等,形制则有长方、圆形、椭圆、多方、多角、扇面等多种形制。
瓷板画与纸绢画相比,材料物理和化学性能都很稳定,不怕潮湿,不怕霉变,其色彩将保持数十年的鲜艳。
瓷板画是第一批南昌市非物质文化遗产,2008年入选省级、国家级非物质文化遗产名录。
以板面形式出现的瓷品是陶瓷生产工艺不断完美的结果,瓷板的出现使瓷板画有了物质条件,从相关资料来看,具有平整而光洁的瓷板形状,又有绘画艺术形式的瓷板画是从明代中期开始出现的。瓷板画既是瓷、又是画,它是陶瓷艺术摆脱纯工艺装饰、融入文人绘画而形成的陶瓷新门类。瓷板画是当代艺术陶瓷中最受追捧的绘画样式之一
鉴赏瓷板画时要注意“六看”:一看瓷板是否平整,凡瓷板中间拱起或歪斜者,均属次品。二看瓷板表面是否光洁,凡表面有缩釉、黑斑者,均属次品。三看瓷板是否完整,凡轻敲声音闷哑有裂缝者,均属次品。四看瓷板画面是否整洁,凡画面有釉色脱落或被抹擦痕迹者,均属次品。五看瓷板画意是否精美,凡粗制滥造者,均属次品。六看瓷板画烧制工艺是否到位,凡窑变不佳、发色暗灰者,均属次品。瓷板画需考虑瓷板、胎釉、上色以及画法技巧,如果做工精良,字体潇洒,流畅,一气呵成,这样的作品往往是大家风范,值得关注。
Porcelain engraving, also known as porcelain painting, as a cultural carrier, originated in Jingdezhen, the capital of porcelain. Derived from Jingdezhen porcelain firing art, it was formed in Nanchang and mainly spread in Nanchang, Jingdezhen, Jiujiang and other neighboring provinces and cities. It is a perfect combination of porcelain culture and painting art, inheriting the history of Jiangxi culture.
Porcelain plate painting is a kind of plane ceramic handicraft, which is made by hand painting, glazing and firing at high temperature with special chemical pigments. Porcelain painting can be mounted or embedded in the screen for viewing. The earliest porcelain painting can be traced back to the Qin and Han Dynasties, while the real "porcelain painting" appeared in the mid Ming Dynasty. From the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the development of porcelain painting went to prosperity.
There are various kinds of porcelain plate paintings, such as blue and white, blue and white underglaze red, five colors, plain three colors, fighting colors, pastel colors, ink colors, light crimson colors, etc. the patterns cover a wide range of contents, including characters, landscapes, flowers, insects and birds, fish and algae, and auspicious patterns. The shapes include rectangle, circle, ellipse, multi square, multi angle, fan and so on.
Compared with the paper and silk paintings, the physical and chemical properties of the materials are very stable. They are not afraid of moisture and mildew. Their colors will remain bright for decades.
Porcelain plate painting is the first batch of intangible cultural heritage in Nanchang, which was selected into the provincial and national intangible cultural heritage list in 2008.
The porcelain products in the form of plate surface are the result of continuous perfection of ceramic production technology. The appearance of porcelain plates has made the porcelain plate painting have material conditions. From the relevant data, the porcelain plate with flat and smooth shape and painting art form has appeared from the mid Ming Dynasty. Porcelain plate painting is not only porcelain, but also painting. It is a new category of ceramics formed by ceramic art, which is separated from pure craft decoration and integrated with literati painting. Porcelain plate painting is one of the most popular painting styles in contemporary art ceramics
From ancient times to now, the reason why porcelain plate painting continues to continue is like the longer the aged wine is, the more fragrant it is, the main reasons are as follows:
First, porcelain plate painting has the beauty of smooth and smooth porcelain plate, which is convenient for the ceramic artists to use porcelain as paper and freely wave their hair, give full play to the author's painting genius and fully display the aesthetic conception of porcelain painting.
Second, porcelain painting is easy to express the charm and meaning of Chinese painting, which is in line with the traditional aesthetic habits and aesthetic taste of Chinese people. The composition, line, color and artistic conception of landscape porcelain board painting absorb the traditional Chinese painting style and mark the modern landscape painting.
Thirdly, porcelain plate painting is one of the important carriers for ceramic artists to draw on the essence of traditional Chinese painting and express the Oriental aesthetic ideal. Moreover, this expression can stand the test of time. Compared with paper and silk painting, porcelain plate painting has stable physical and chemical properties, is not afraid of humidity, mildew and will not be damaged without impact. In addition, the color of porcelain plate painting, whether it is underglaze blue and white, red in glaze, high temperature color glaze, or glaze powder color, ancient color, ink color, the color will never be bright, will not change color due to sun immersion, easy to collect.
Fourth, porcelain painting styles are various, in addition to the common rectangle, square, but also circular, oval, fan-shaped, chicken heart shape, leaf shape, etc., easy to home decoration, can be hung in living room, study independently, but also can be used as Furniture Inlay decoration, or made into a screen or screen.
Fifthly, porcelain painting meets the aesthetic needs of modern people. The diversity and inclusiveness of contemporary porcelain painting style can meet the needs of people advocating classical beauty and can also suit the taste of people pursuing modern fashion.
Sixth, porcelain painting is an important style of modern environmental design. It can be large or small according to the decoration needs of buildings, and the large is like a mountain, while small painting is a fine appreciation. In today's society, modern porcelain painting has become one of the first choice of art for family environment layout.
When appreciating porcelain painting, we should pay attention to "six views": first, whether the porcelain plate is flat or not, and all the porcelain plates with arch or skew in the middle are inferior products. Second, whether the surface of the porcelain plate is smooth or not, all the surface with shrinkage glaze and black spots are inferior products. Third, whether the porcelain plate is complete, and those who tap the sound dull and dumb and crack are inferior products. 4. See whether the porcelain plate picture is neat or not, and if the screen has glaze color falling off or being wiped, it is inferior. 5. Whether the painting of porcelain plate is exquisite, and all rough ones are inferior. 6. Whether the firing process of porcelain plate painting is in place, and those who have poor kiln changes and dark gray are inferior products. Porcelain plate painting needs to consider the porcelain plate, fetal glaze, color and painting skills. If the work is fine, the font is natural, smooth and one-off, such works are often a family style, which deserves attention.
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