青花瓷，又称白地青花瓷，常简称青花，是中国瓷器的主流品种之一，属釉下彩瓷。青花瓷是用含氧化钴的钴矿为原料，在陶瓷坯体上描绘纹饰，再罩上一层透明釉，经高温还原焰一次烧成。钴料烧成后呈蓝色，具有着色力强、发色鲜艳、烧成率高、呈色稳定的特点。原始青花瓷于唐宋已见端倪，成熟的青花瓷则出现在元代景德镇的湖田窑。明代青花成为瓷器的主流。清康熙时发展到了顶峰。明清时期，还创烧了青花五彩、孔雀绿釉青花、豆青釉青花、青花红彩、黄地青花、哥釉青花等衍生品种。

成熟的青花瓷，必须满足具有洁白的瓷胎和纯净的透明釉、运用钴料产生蓝色的图案花纹、熟练掌握釉下彩绘的工艺技术这三个要素。从技术上，它是最早走向世界的成熟硬质瓷；从文化上，普通百姓、宫廷贵族、文人墨客、国外用户都可以通过青花瓷满足自己审美需求。在拍卖场上，历史悠久的青花瓷也一直刷新着瓷器拍卖纪录，如鬼谷子下山大罐于2016年拍出2亿元高价，萧何月下追韩信梅瓶于2011年以8亿4千元成交，无一不震撼着世人。

瓷器的最迟功能是作为生活实用器，逐步也发展为艺术品赏器而与生活用器并存。在元代青花瓷器中，这种现象十分明显，而赏器通常体量较大。亦今为止，所见元代青花瓷器，罐、瓶、壶等大型器相对多见，而作为生活用器的碗碟杯盘器却相对少见。这种现象，可能与生活用器体量较小，使用中损毁率高，故遗存稀少有较大关系。因此，元青花生活用器中的碗碟杯盘器，虽然器形不太大，然确是极有收藏价值的类型之一。

文中此“青花山水纹赏盘”，在生活用器类盘子中属于较大之器形。其纹饰，绘画笔意洒脱率真，尽显流畅。比例姿态协调，绘作认真，颇有呼之欲出之感，其人物绘画风格更是凸显了青花山水之典型风格特征。而其浮雕暗印缠枝纹亦是如此，线条流畅，无非因釉较厚而稍显不突出，故曰暗印矣。续察其青花，可感发色浓艳，晕散明显，十分自然。同时可见，其青花色浓之处，块状铁锈斑，亦是较为明显。镜下察之，更显老斑耄耋，自然天成。足证其年代悠远，本真特色。其底胎可辩，胎质致密，麻仓土为胎特征十分明显。其白釉，可见白中有所发青，其釉光温润有加，包浆自然。一言以蔽之，诸多特征，足证其真，已然无需赘言矣。

Blue and white porcelain, also known as white ground blue and white porcelain, often referred to as blue and white porcelain, is one of the mainstream varieties of Chinese porcelain, which belongs to underglaze color porcelain. Blue and white porcelain is made of cobalt ore containing cobalt oxide as raw material, which is painted on the ceramic body, covered with a layer of transparent glaze, and fired at one time by high temperature reduction flame. Cobalt material is blue after firing, which has the characteristics of strong coloring power, bright color, high firing rate and stable color. The primitive blue and white porcelain has been seen in the Tang and Song Dynasties, while the mature blue and white porcelain appeared in the Hutian kiln in Jingdezhen of the Yuan Dynasty. Blue and white became the mainstream of porcelain in Ming Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, it reached its peak. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it also created and burned blue and white, peacock green glaze blue and white, bean green glaze blue and white, blue and white red color, yellow ground blue and white, Ge glaze blue and white and other derivative varieties.

Mature blue and white porcelain must meet the requirements of white porcelain body and pure transparent glaze, producing blue patterns with cobalt materials, and mastering the technology of underglaze painting. Technically, it is the first mature hard porcelain to go to the world; Culturally, ordinary people, court nobles, literati and foreign users can meet their aesthetic needs through blue and white porcelain. In the auction house, blue and white porcelain with a long history has also been breaking the record of porcelain auction. For example, Guiguzi Xiashan pot sold at a high price of 200 million yuan in 2016, and Xiao He Yuexia's pursuit of Hanxin Meiping sold at 840 million yuan in 2011, all of which shocked the world.

The latest function of porcelain is as a practical life, and gradually developed into a work of art appreciation, and coexisted with daily life. In the blue and white porcelain of Yuan Dynasty, this phenomenon is very obvious, and the volume of the objects is usually large. Up to now, blue and white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty, pots, bottles, pots and other large utensils are relatively common. This phenomenon may be related to the small size of domestic utensils, the high rate of damage in use, and the scarcity of remains. Therefore, the bowl, dish, cup and plate utensils in the blue and white living utensils of the Yuan Dynasty, though not too large in shape, are indeed one of the most valuable types for collection.

In this paper, the "blue and white landscape pattern appreciation plate" belongs to a larger shape in the living utensils. Its decoration and painting style are free and easy, frank and fluent. Its figure painting style highlights the typical style of blue and white landscape. This is also true of the embossed dark printing pattern. The lines are smooth, but the glaze is thick, so it is called dark printing. If you continue to observe the blue and white, you can feel that the hair color is rich and colorful, and the halo is obvious, which is very natural. At the same time, it can be seen that where the blue and white color is strong, massive iron rust spots are also more obvious. Looking at it under the mirror, it is even more obvious that it is natural. It has a long history and its real characteristics. The bottom tire is distinguishable, the tire is compact, and the characteristics of the soil are very obvious. Its white glaze, visible white in some of the green, its glaze light is warm and moist, natural coating. In a word, many characteristics are enough to prove its truth.