小提琴是一种弦乐器，总共有四根弦。靠弦和弓摩擦发出声音，小提琴琴身（共鸣箱）长约35.5厘米，由具有弧度的面板、背板和侧板粘合而成。面板常用云杉制作，质地较软；背板和侧板用枫木，红木，质地较硬。琴头、琴颈用整条枫木，指板用乌木。

 

The violin is a stringed instrument with four strings in all. The violin body (resonance box) is about 35.5cm long. It is composed of a curved panel, a back plate and a side plate. The panel is usually made of spruce with soft texture; the back and side panels are made of maple and Redwood with hard texture. The head and neck are made of maple, and the fingerboard is made of ebony.

 

小提琴广泛流传于世界各国，是现代管弦乐队弦乐组中最主要的乐器。它在器乐中占非常重要的地位，是现代交响乐队的支柱，也是具有高难度演奏技巧的独奏乐器，与钢琴、古典吉他并称为世界三大乐器。

 

Violin is widely spread all over the world. It is the most important instrument in the string group of modern orchestra. It occupies a very important position in instrumental music, is the pillar of modern Symphony Orchestra, and is also a solo instrument with high difficulty performance skills. It is called the world's three major instruments together with piano and classical guitar.

 

谈到的起源，就必然要涉及古提琴原始设计者的艺术观点和技术方法。现代的数学是技术学的工具，但在文艺复兴时期数学是艺术的启蒙。比例和序列是美学研究的要素，并且为所有的艺术家所采用。大师级的小提琴制作者，不仅仅是个方法学家，而且是个真正的艺术家，小提琴的整体协调和一致主宰着整个设计。

 

When it comes to the origin, it is bound to involve the artistic views and technical methods of the original Viola designers. Modern mathematics is the tool of technology, but in the Renaissance mathematics was the Enlightenment of art. Proportion and sequence are the elements of aesthetic research and are adopted by all artists. The master violin maker is not only a Methodist, but also a real artist. The overall coordination and consistency of the violin dominate the whole design.

 

小提琴的外形可以认为是由许多弧形线条构成的，用圆弧可以近似地画出小提琴轮廓的草图，但也并非都是圆弧。原始设计者先用圆规画出各段相联的弧，再用艺术的眼光修正和弯曲成最终形状的弧线。用笔和刀在制作时修改图样，修光修滑一条由足够数量的圆弧所构成的曲线。

 

The shape of the violin can be considered to be composed of many arc lines. The outline of the violin can be drawn approximately with the arc, but not all of them are arc. The original designer first drew the arcs with compasses, and then corrected and bent them into the final shape with artistic vision. Use a pen and a knife to modify the drawing when making, polish and smooth a curve composed of enough arcs.

 

小提琴顶部和底部的曲线，就是采用经典的设计桥拱的方法设计的，也有人认为像篮子提把的形状。琴板弧度的形状像垂链线，旋首则是仿照古希腊柱子上优美的螺旋形设计的。当然，除去使用圆弧之外，也可能采取一些其他的线条。

 

The curve of the top and bottom of the violin is designed by the classical method of designing the bridge arch. Some people think it's like the shape of the basket handle. The curved shape of the piano board is like a vertical chain line, and the rotating head is designed to imitate the beautiful spiral shape on the ancient Greek columns. Of course, in addition to using arcs, some other lines may also be taken.

 

圆规和直尺既是古代几何学家又是中世纪建筑学家的工具，也是设计乐器的工具。一般的乐器设计者，试着在不同的位置处安放圆心和圆弧，经多次试验画出乐器的轮廓。但大师级的乐器设计者是经过缜密的构思后，才设计出既美观而又符合演奏要求的外形，同时还周密地考虑到内外的一致性，以及声学的谐和性，使制作的提琴不仅外形优美、演奏方便，更重要的是具有动听而又感人的音色，洪亮而又丰满的力度，极具穿透力的音量和抑扬顿挫控制如意的品质。

 

Compasses and rulers are not only the tools of ancient geometers and medieval architects, but also the tools of designing musical instruments. General instrument designers try to place the center and arc at different positions, and draw the outline of the instrument after many experiments. However, only after careful design, the master instrument designer can design a beautiful appearance that meets the performance requirements. At the same time, he carefully considers the internal and external consistency, as well as the harmony of acoustics, so that the fiddle is not only beautiful in appearance and easy to play, but also has a beautiful and moving voice, with bright and full strength and penetrating sound Quantity and cadence control the quality of Ruyi.

 

在西洋乐器中，小提琴是一件最为重要的乐器。在西洋交响乐队（也称“管弦乐队”）和中国的中西结合乐队中,以及在独奏与协奏中，均发挥出最为重要的艺术作用。

 

Among the Western instruments, violin is the most important one. It plays the most important role in Western Symphony Orchestra (also known as "Orchestra") and Chinese and western integrated Orchestra, as well as in solo and concerto.

 

一、First

 

关于小提琴的性能与功能小提琴为拉弦乐器，由欧洲古代的弓弦乐器经长期演变而成。近代小提琴在16世纪后期逐渐定型。小提琴为木制，由琴颈和琴身两部分组成，全长约为600毫米，琴身长约355毫米。

 

About the performance and function of violin, violin is a stringed instrument, which evolved from the bowstring instrument in ancient Europe for a long time. The modern violin was gradually shaped in the late 16th century. The violin is made of wood. It is composed of neck and body. It is about 600mm long and 355mm long.

 

有四根弦，按g1—d1—a1—e2定弦。音域很宽，约四个八度。琴颈部分附有指板。琴身部分由面板、底板等构成。面板下附装音梁。将琴身夹于下腮与锁骨之间，以左手执琴颈按弦，右手持弓拉奏。它是独奏、重奏和管弦乐队中的重要乐器。小提琴音色优美，音质纯正，音域宽广，称得上是音乐性能优良、音乐功能广泛的乐器。

 

There are four strings, and they are fixed according to g1-d1-a1-e2. The range is very wide, about four octaves. A fingerboard is attached to the neck. The body of the instrument is composed of a panel, a base plate, etc. Sound beam is attached under the panel. Clip the body between the chin and the clavicle, press the strings with the left hand holding the neck, and play with the right hand holding the bow. It is an important instrument in solo, ensemble and Orchestra. Violin is a musical instrument with beautiful timbre, pure timbre and wide range. It can be called a musical instrument with excellent musical performance and extensive musical functions.

 

二、Two.

 

关于小提琴在交响乐队中的地位与作用小提琴之“首席”之名，来自交响乐队。“首席”者，第一也，故首席小提琴也称“第一小提琴”。在西洋交响乐队中，小提琴明显地居于重要的位置上，如果是首席小提琴，还会起着榜首与领衔的艺术作用。

 

The name of "chief" of violin comes from Symphony Orchestra. The first violin is also called the first violin. In the Western Symphony Orchestra, the violin obviously occupies an important position. If it is the chief violin, it will play the role of the first and leading art.