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藏品赏析---青銅冰鑒

  青銅冰鑒是件組合器,有內外兩層,外面的叫青銅鑒,內有一個方壺,叫青銅缶,鑒上有鏤孔蓋,蓋身正中有方形孔,正好套住方缶口。兩件器物套合而成。缶呈方形,缶的外壁和鑒的內壁之間有很大的空間。夏天的時候,人們在青銅鑒和青銅缶之間裝上冰,可冰鎮酒。到了冬天,在鑒和缶之間改盛熱水,則又變成可以溫酒的溫酒器了。可以說,青銅冰鑒就是中國古代一個既可“製冷”又可“制熱”的兩用“冰柜”。該鑒的支脚,由四只龍首獸身的怪獸組成,龍頭向外伸張,獸身的後肢匍匐蹬地,動感很强。鑒的四面、四角一共鑲嵌有八個龍形耳,龍形呈拱曲攀伏狀。每條龍的頭頂承接八塊接簷式銅飾,尾部又有小龍纏繞,還有兩朵五瓣小花點綴。

  The bronze ice cup is a combination of two layers. The outer one is called bronze Jian, and the inner one is a square pot called bronze fou. There is a hole cover on the mirror. There is a square hole in the middle of the cover, which just fits the mouth of the square fou. It is made of two pieces of utensils. Fou is square. There is a large space between the outer wall of fou and the inner wall of Jian. In summer, people put ice between bronze Jian and bronze fou to cool wine. In winter, when the hot water is filled between Jian and fou, it becomes a wine warming vessel. It can be said that bronze ice mirror is a dual-purpose "freezer" in ancient China, which can both "cool" and "heat". The legs of the Jian are composed of four monsters with dragon heads. The dragon head extends outward, and the hind legs of the beast crawl on the ground, which is very dynamic. The four sides and four corners of Jian are inlaid with eight dragon shaped ears, which are in the shape of arch and climb. The top of each dragon is decorated with eight pieces of eaves copper ornaments, and the tail is wrapped with dragons, and there are two small flowers with five petals.

https://image-artexpress.artron.net/app/toutiao/2020/0819/159780601083691230.jpg

  鑒的四周外口沿,都飾有鏤雕或浮雕勾連雲紋、蟠螭紋,异常精美。該鑒出土時還帶有長柄的銅勺,是舀酒的用具。中國是一個禮儀之邦,在古代往往是“禮以酒成”,也就是說行行禮離不開酒,無酒不成禮。在崇尚禮數的商周時期,不僅喝酒有各種禮儀,就連桌上的酒器也都大有講究。比如在周朝時,因青銅酒器所盛的酒量不同,人們對其的叫法或稱呼也各不相同,作了明確的規定。同是飲酒器,盛一昇的叫爵,盛兩昇的叫觚(gu),盛三昇的叫觶(zhi)。其實,它們都相當於今天的酒杯。

  Around the outer mouth of the Jian, there are carved or relief patterns with cloud and pan shaped patterns, which are extremely exquisite. The bronze spoon with a long handle was also unearthed, which was used to scoop wine. China is a country of etiquette. In ancient times, it was often "etiquette is made by wine", that is to say, etiquette can not be separated from wine, and without wine, etiquette can not be achieved. In the Shang and Zhou dynasties, there were not only various etiquette for drinking, but also the wine utensils on the table. For example, in the Zhou Dynasty, because of the different amount of wine contained in bronze wine vessels, people also had different names for them, so they made clear regulations. It is the same drinking utensil. The one with one liter is called Jue, the one with two liters is called Gu (GU), and the other is Sheng San Sheng (Zhi). In fact, they are the same as today's glasses.

https://image-artexpress.artron.net/app/toutiao/2020/0819/159780610626448930.jpg

  青銅冰鑒為雙層設定,在方鑒內套有一個方壺。在鑒與壺之間設有專門機關,使用時,將方壺的口和底與方鑒的口和底套合固定,裝酒和舀酒時都不需要打開方鑒蓋,只要打開壺蓋就可以了。青銅冰鑒形體美觀、鑄作精細、鏤紋光滑細膩,不僅是中國古代青銅酒器的國寶重器,也是中國“失蠟法”青銅器較早的典範之作,堪稱國之瑰寶。

  The bronze ice cup is a double-layer setting with a square pot in it. There is a special mechanism between the cup and the teapot. When in use, the mouth and bottom of the square jar and the mouth and bottom of the square jar are fixed. When loading or bailing wine, it is not necessary to open the cover of the square jar, but just open the lid. It is not only a national treasure of ancient Chinese bronze wine vessels, but also an early model of China's "lost wax method". It can be called a national treasure.

https://image-artexpress.artron.net/app/toutiao/2020/0819/159780609659235280.jpg

  青銅冰鑒證明,在2000多年前的戰國時期,中國就已經有“冰柜”了,而且還是環保、無公害的,它充分顯示出了中華民族先民的聰明和智慧。

  The bronze ice book proves that China already had "freezers" in the Warring States period more than 2000 years ago, and it is also environmentally friendly and pollution-free. It fully shows the wisdom and wisdom of the ancestors of the Chinese nation.

https://image-artexpress.artron.net/app/toutiao/2020/0819/159780608144025540.jpg


特别声明:本文为艺术头条自媒体平台“艺术号”作者上传并发布,仅代表该作者观点。艺术头条仅提供信息发布平台。

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