珐琅彩瓷器，又称“瓷胎画珐琅”，是在康熙晚期将铜胎画珐琅技法成功移植到瓷胎上而创烧的一种新品种瓷器。

Enamel enamel, also known as "enamel of porcelain body painting", is a new kind of porcelain which successfully transplanted the enamel technique of copper body painting onto the porcelain body in the late Kangxi period.

珐琅又称“拂郎”、“佛郎”、“发蓝”，是一种玻化物质。它以长石、石英为主要原料，加入纯碱、硼砂为助熔剂，氧化钛、氧化锑、氟化物等作乳浊剂，加入氧化铜、氧化钴、氧化铁、氧化锰、氧化锑等作着色剂，经过粉碎、混合、煅烧、熔融后，倾入水中急冷得到珐琅熔块，再经细磨而得到珐琅粉。将珐琅粉调和后，涂施在金、银、铜等金属器上，经焙烧，便成为金属胎珐琅。若以玻璃为胎，则称为玻璃胎珐琅；以瓷器为胎者，则称为瓷胎珐琅。

雍正时期，雍正皇帝对珐琅彩瓷器的生产给予了更多的关心，并提出颇为严格的要求。雍正元年（1723年），随着宫廷造办处人员的扩充，以及在雍正帝最信赖的怡亲王（雍正帝的十三弟允祥）的主持下，珐琅彩瓷器的生产在造办处珐琅作积极展开。但从清代档案记载看，雍正六年以前珐琅彩瓷器的生产进展缓慢，雍正帝对此也不甚满意。究其原因，可能是因珐琅彩料需依赖西洋进口，数量有限，必须谨慎使用，不得有误损所致。如清雍正《广东通志》卷五十八记载：“西洋国……雍正四年五月复遣使进贡……各色珐琅彩料十四块。”又如《活计档·清档·雍正记事杂录》载：“雍正二年二月四日，怡亲王交填白脱胎酒杯五件，内二件有暗龙。奉旨：此杯烧珐琅。钦此。于二月二十三日烧破二件，总管太监启知怡亲王。奉王谕：其余三件尔等小心烧造。遵此。于五月十八日做得白瓷画珐琅酒杯三件，怡亲王呈进。”

During Yongzheng period, Emperor Yongzheng paid more attention to the production of enamel-colored porcelain and put forward quite strict requirements. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), the production of enamel-colored porcelain was actively carried out with the expansion of the staff of the court building office and under the leadership of the most trusted Prince Yi (Yunxiang, the thirteenth brother of Yongzheng Emperor). However, according to the records of Qing Dynasty, the production of enamel-colored porcelain was slow six years ago, and Yongzheng Emperor was not satisfied with it. The reason for this may be that enamel colours depend on imports from the Western countries, and the quantity is limited, so they must be used carefully and not be damaged by mistake. As recorded in Volume 58 of Yongzheng's Tongzhi of Guangdong in Qing Dynasty, "Western countries..." In May of Yongzheng's fourth year, he repatriated his envoy to pay tribute. Fourteen pieces of various enamel colours." Another example is the Miscellaneous Records of Workplan File File Yongzheng Records: "On February 4, the second year of Yongzheng, Prince Yi Jiao filled five bodiless wine cups, including two dark dragons. Purpose: This cup is made of enamel. Chin. Two pieces were burned on February 23. The chief eunuch informed Prince Yi. Fengwang Oracle: The other three pieces are carefully burned. Abide by this. On May 18, three white enamel glasses were made and Prince Yi presented them.

新加坡伯明翰拍卖有幸征集到一件精品官窑：雍正年制 珐琅彩开光象耳尊。高45cm，低径：14cm。瓷釉上彩采用白鹤以及花卉纹饰，代表，松鹤延年锦上添加等美好吉祥寓意！瓷中是以开光的纹饰画胎，以蝙蝠纹，寿字纹使得此瓷添加身份地位象征，蝙蝠围着寿字,寓意多福多寿。蝙蝠之蝠与福字同音,故以蝠代表福。蝠常常围一寿字,习俗称“五福捧寿”。器型乃四方尊，鎏金象鼻当瓷器的耳，撇口，长颈，四方形腹，方圈足外撇。非常大器的珐琅彩开光象耳尊！

Birmingham auction in Singapore was fortunate to collect a high-quality official kiln: Yongzheng year-old enamel shining like a respectful ear. 45 cm high, 14 cm low. White crane and flower decoration are used in the enamel color, which represents the beautiful auspicious implication of adding the pine crane brocade to the brocade. Porcelain is decorated with bright patterns to paint the embryo, bat pattern, longevity pattern makes this porcelain add status symbol, bat around the word longevity, meaning how happy and longevity. The word "bat" and "fu" are homonymous, so "fu" stands for "fu". Bats are often surrounded by the word "one birthday", which is customarily called "five blessings to celebrate one's life". The shape of the vessel is Sifangzun. The Gold Elephant Trunk acts as the ear, the mouth, the long neck, the square belly and the square foot. Very large enamel glow like an ear!

匠人们常说一句老话：一方顶十圆。意思是：一件方形的瓷器，能抵过十件圆形的瓷器。可见求圆较易，求方艰难。

Craftsmen often say an old saying: one side tops ten circles. Meaning: A square piece of porcelain can withstand ten round pieces of porcelain. It is easy to find the circle and difficult to find the square.

那么，方形的瓷器要怎么做?只能是一块一块地做，然后把它们拼接起来。比如做一件方形的瓷盘，需要先把陶泥碾压成板状，待泥板干到一定程度后，按所需的块数和尺寸切好。接着在底板上涂上泥浆一块块进行拼接，拼接的时候既要保持紧压感，又要控制好力度不让器物变形。等完成拼接后，晾干到八九成，用刀片将方盘四周修平整，坯体就算完成了。

So, what do square porcelain do? They can only be made piece by piece and then stitched together. For example, to make a square ceramic dish, we need to crush the clay into a plate shape first, and then cut it according to the number and size of pieces needed after the clay plate is dried to a certain extent. Then, mud is applied to the bottom plate for splicing. When splicing, it is necessary to maintain the pressure sense and control the strength of the device to prevent deformation. After splicing, air drying to 89% and flatten the sides of the square disc with a blade, the green body will be finished.

起先，绘制珐琅彩的颜料要从欧洲进口。雍正即位后，开始拨专款专项用于研发珐琅彩颜料，终于在雍正六年的七月研发成功，不仅能自炼出与原先进口颜料一样的颜色，还大大丰富了颜色的种类，这一研究成果使雍正朝的珐琅彩瓷器制作有了突飞猛进的发展。

Initially, enamel paints were imported from Europe. After Yongzheng took office, special funds were allocated to the research and development of enamel pigments. Finally, in July of Yongzheng's six years, the research and development was successful. It not only refined the same color as the original oral pigments, but also greatly enriched the types of colors. This research result made the production of enamel-colored porcelain in Yongzheng Dynasty develop by leaps and bounds.

制作珐琅彩瓷器所需要的白瓷胎由景德镇御窑厂专供，这里不能不提到唐英，他于雍正六年起担任御窑厂的督陶官。正是由于他的督窑有功，御窑厂才能烧制出造型完美、白润坚质的薄胎瓷，为珐琅彩瓷器的制作提供了首要条件。白瓷胎运到宫廷后，在雍正皇帝的亲自授意下，在内务府造办处珐琅作由宫廷画家精心彩绘，款印，最后入炭炉经600℃炉火焙烧而成。

Tang Ying, who served as the pottery supervisor of the imperial kiln factory since Yongzheng six years ago, can not be omitted from the fact that the white porcelain tyres needed for making enamel-colored porcelain are exclusively supplied by Jingdezhen Imperial Kiln Factory. It is precisely because of his success in supervising the kiln that the imperial kiln factory can produce the perfect shape, white and firm thin-bodied porcelain, which provides the first condition for the production of enamel-colored porcelain. After the white porcelain tires were transported to the palace, under the personal instruction of Emperor Yongzheng, the enamel was carefully painted and printed by the palace painters in the office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and finally baked in a charcoal oven at 600 degrees Celsius.

雍正朝的珐琅彩不惜工本，名手彩绘，名工烧制，一件珐琅彩瓷器烧制成功往往要经历数月时间。由于瓷胎太薄，在二次烧制时极易破裂，这些因素都造成了珐琅彩瓷器的数量极为有限。

In the Yongzheng Dynasty, the enamel was painted by famous hands and fired by famous workers at all costs. It often took several months for a piece of enamel-colored porcelain to be fired successfully. Because the ceramic body is too thin, it is easy to rupture during the second firing. All these factors have resulted in a very limited number of enamel-colored porcelain.

珐琅彩瓷器可以说秉承了历史上中国陶瓷发展以来的各种优点，从拉胚、成型、画工、用料、施釉、色彩、烧制的技术上几乎是最精湛的。但珐琅彩在制作程序和用料上是其他众多品种无法比拟的。画工也不是一般的窑工，而是皇宫里面顶尖的专业画师，所以这些器物可以代表当时最高的艺术水平，最高的工艺水准。不得不承认，还没有哪一个朝代的珐琅彩瓷器如雍正朝的那般典雅秀丽。

Enamel-colored porcelain can be said to inherit the advantages of Chinese ceramics since the development of history. It is almost the most exquisite technology in terms of embryo drawing, shaping, painting, materials, glazing, color and firing. However, enamel in the production process and materials is incomparable with many other varieties. Painters are not ordinary kiln workers, but the top professional painters in the palace, so these objects can represent the highest level of art at that time, the highest level of craftsmanship. I have to admit that no other dynasty's enamel-colored porcelain is as elegant and beautiful as the Yongzheng Dynasty.

底款为蓝料彩“雍正年制”四字双行宋錾体。此藏品不可多得。具有很高收藏价值。

The bottom paragraph is the blue color "Yongzheng Year System" with four characters and two lines of Song Yongti. This collection is rare. It has high collection value.

目前藏品持有人欲将此珍品结缘于有缘之士，参加2018年十二月二十八号新加坡伯明翰国际拍卖会，有兴趣可搜索登陆深圳永煊文化发展有限公司官网，预约贵宾名额，一览珍品风采！

At present, the holders of collections want to associate this treasure with those who have good luck. They will attend the Birmingham International Auction in Singapore on December 28, 2018. They are interested in searching and landing on the official website of Shenzhen Yongxuan Cultural Development Co., Ltd. to make an appointment for VIPs and have a glimpse of the treasures.