Salvador Dali, a surrealistic painter, attempted to explain Freud's theory of subconscious by paintings. His typical work includes Gloomy Game and Self-declaring that figuratively annotate Freud's psychoanalytic theory stated in The Interpretation of Dreams. In 1939, Dali met his spiritual teacher Freud and Freud said： "when painting, you are conscious, because your mystery is direct and obvious. On the contrary, the paintings of Leonardo Da Vinci and Ingres are the ideal of subconsciousness." According to Freud, the inspiration of Leonardo da Vinci and Ingres is unconscious. However, Dali, a surrealisTIC painter, consciously creates the socalled "paintings in subconsciousness". Subconsciousness of unconsciousness is the stream of consciousness which cannot be perceived by people and which is called collective unconsciousness. "Subconsciousness" of consciousness is a way of thinking, which irrationally disclose unconscious dreams, illusions, paranoia and desires and make them systemic and orderly.

　　Unconsciousness had been a mystery before Freud discovered it. Which capacity makes marvelous art works completed? It's difficult to find the correct answer; even artists with rich experience of creating cannot give a satisfactory explanation. Generally, rich artistic inspiration always breaks into painters' consciousness without aura or preparation. It's more difficult to explain its formation process because many important images suddenly flash into painters' mind at leisure time, or while they are pondering other things. Early theorists regarded it as an important factor in perception or memory, and then they saw it as an organic activity periodically showing up in unconsciousness, imagination and creation, which, as a physiological phenomenon, hasn't been understood yet. It appears sometimes, but then disappears without any traces. It is the artists who firmly believe its existence, but they cannot describe it in a scientific and systematic way even though they can feel it. It is really a tragedy in understanding the nature of creativity. Fortunately, Freud was exposed to a lot of " unconscious " phenomenon through his medical experience so that we can have a general understanding of creativity. Grounded on Freud's research, Jung Carl Gustav had a significant discovery-"any unconsciousness", which gives us a clear picture of the law we have to obey initiatively in artistic creation.

　　It's well known that Freud attempted to study the problems that Leonardo da Vinci could not get rid of from a special psychological aspect. They thought that because Da Vinci had never married in his life, the faces of all the characters in his works were depicted as women's faces. And they also thought that the metamorphosis of his sexual impulses was the main aspect in his unusual character. Through the description of Leonardo da Vinci's biographies, Freud studied his works and thought that the two women in Da Vinci's painting, "The Virgin and St. Anne", represented his " two mothers", because "as if Leonardo da Vinci recalled his mother in a dream, especially her smile in her unadorned but solemn and beautiful face with a gentle and mysterious expression. Leonardo da Vinci secretly visited his mother in the daytime. He tended toward his mother and his mother often kept kissing his face, eyes, lips and head. " Meanwhile, he preferred to see his mother at night……Mona Lisa, a painting of Leonardo da Vinci, also carries the same mysterious smile.

　　Comparing "Self-Portrait" with "Mona Lisa" by modern technology, they found Mona Lisa's face and eyes are similar to Leonardo da Vinci's self-portrait. People didn't understand why Da Vinci feminized himself, so when we consider the mystery smile Da Vinci presented, we should not ignore the collective unconsciousness and his multi-aspect consciousness background, which reflected a fundamental motive of Leonardo da Vinci. In the creative activity, "sex" is just an important component of subconsciousness, but it didn't regulate or guide anything. Different from Leonardo da Vinci, after three hundred years, Salvador Dali was affected by modern psychology, particularly by the psychoanalysis, whose basic view was to convert things that people realized and dreamed into some kind of instinct. At the beginning of this century, people linked genius with a madman and Dali pushed the creative activity of genius into peak in the way of madman's paranoia. He accepted the surrealistic theory of automatism, depending on the link between dreams and works of art, and named it as "paranoiac-critical method". A paranoid means someone is bigotry. However, from the point of abnormal psychology, it means the extreme chaos phenomenon caused by the idea itself.

　　Dali thought that people should develop a real fantasy, like psychopaths and paranoids according to 　　　　　　　"paranoiac-critical method". This suggests that he consciously searched for his own subconsciousness just as Freud said, whose way was like psychopaths and paranoids going to fantasy, daydream and dreams. As a result, he "tapped the new spiritual world, and insanely expressed the chances, fanaticism, fantasy illusion, occasional inspiration or subconscious themes provided by unconscious instinct" in "The Surrealism Manifes" . Prior to Dali's theory, Britten (a Surrealistic leader) only promoted to use pure mental power and purely spiritual liberalism "to express real thought by all means ". And the use of crazy and paranoid way to create was the secret weapon of Dali, which formed his surreal world of art. Britten was first discovered Dali's "paranoiaccritical method" and praised that "This was a first-class approach, and even Ernst's works didn't have the inspired characteristics as Dali's early art did.

　　Eternal Memory , a famous work of Dali, is such a masterpiece. Twined by complex psychology, there is an image much like a soft head in the middle of the painting (this image appears many times in his later works), which is the manifestation of the critical consciousness of the paranoia, to whom it looks like the rock image in his hometown. Dali stated that it was not a matter of soft or hard, it just shows the correct time. Moreover, the ants bathed in the sunshine and olive branches have the same indication. The "soft watches" in the painting indicates that time is completely stopped, keeping the original memory the fresh scars of memory, which is Dali's concept of time and space.

　　Dali who intended to develop his weird character created through "daydreaming" and illusion. The madness he referred to is the primary psychology in all creative activities, which was mentioned in Freud's psychoanalysis. He believed that it was a way of mental activity. Silvano Arieti, famous American psychologist, proved that people in such a situation generally had mental illness by experiments, so a clear distinction between artists and psychopaths is whether they lost contact with the secondary process after the primary process, which is a critical point.

　　Dali's "subconsciousness" of consciousness is his psychological gene in creation and his work brilliantly shows this control capacity. There is a sense of strict precision in form with the absurd contents in his paintings, and the layout is as accurate as photos. People can feel a real sense of dream when watching his paintings, which have a sharp contrast between the precise forms and absurd contents mixed together in an unprecedented way, and the combination of real and absurdity constitutes a surreal art world.

　　Dali is an explorer. we experience not scientific or medical content but the aesthetic content in his paintings. That is to say, the primary process, no matter how exposed, still controlled the hand by secondary process. Therefore, through studying the subconsciousness of consciousness of Dali, we can simulate the primary process by secondary processes and wake up the primary process by secondary processes.

　　In summary, without primary process, "creation" in secondary process is only a collection of concepts and logic inference, which cannot produce first-class works, while without secondary process, "creation" in primary process will not be accepted by people, or produces just ordinary works. First-class works can only be created by starting from the primary process, letting the thought leave the usual track of thinking to produce more possibilities, and then return to the secondary process to retouch and perfectly "match" for the aesthetic level.

作者：Wang,Haili